Logo: to the web site of the Swedish Defence University

This thesis explores if new military capabilities introduce tensions in the national strategic environment. Using Christopher Meyer’s framework of strategic norms and a theory-driven thematic text analysis of three defense bills, the study finds that cyber capabilities have remained largely defensive, nationally focused, and organizationally fragmented. In contrast, conventional capabilities have adapted to changing strategic priorities—from international missions to national defense and NATO integration. The analysis shows that cyber has not followed the same trajectory, reflecting a lack of strategic coherence. The study concludes that to effectively integrate cyber as a military tool, Sweden must address deep-rooted organizational and cultural barriers. These findings have implications for both military planning and future research on cyber’s role in strategic cultures of small states.