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This thesis examines how identity constructions and group boundaries framed anti-Jewish violence on the territory of Ukraine, Belarus, and Western Russia between 1918 and 1922. It explores how group cohesion was formed through exclusionary practices, how symbolic labelling and physical violence worked together to define social boundaries, and how scarcity and institutional collapse restructured moral norms. The study finds that antisemitic violence was shaped less by ideological consistency than by pragmatic and performative responses to insecurity. Pogroms served as moments of group formation and functioned as rituals through which perpetrators asserted belonging and social dominance. By interpreting official reports and eyewitness accounts, this thesis shows how accusations—of Bolshevism, profiteering, or betrayal—provided moral cover for anti-Jewish violence that was both opportunistic and expressive. It also documents how some Jews attempted to evade persecution through identity concealment or reliance on community ties, and how others were rescued or betrayed by neighbours, which reflects the fluidity of group boundaries. This study contributes to war studies and genocide research by showing how identity was not only a background condition for violence, but an outcome shaped through it. It argues that violence should be understood as both a product of structural collapse and a tool for reordering society—materially, morally, and symbolically.