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This study explores the conditions for organizational learning within a Swedish battalion deployed to NATO’s multinational brigade in Latvia. As Sweden enters a new operational context through NATO membership, the case highlights challenges of adaptation and cross-organizational learning.

Using a qualitative design with interviews and observations, the analysis applies Peter Senge’s five disciplines, Tom Dyson’s model of military adaptation, and Meir Finkel’s concept of a forgiving environment.

Results show that learning mainly occurs at the tactical level and is driven by individuals rather than structures. Strategic learning is limited by weak system thinking and lack of shared vision. While a forgiving climate supports adaptation, long-term learning requires institutional mechanisms.

The study deepens understanding of how organizational learning unfolds within national military units in multinational contexts, and identifies structural conditions necessary to support long-term, institutionalized learning.