This thesis aims to deepen our understanding of Russia’s engagement in the Alliance of Sahel States through the lens of identity creation. Moving beyond traditional utility-based models, I consider that Russia’s actions may be driven by identity. By employing Ringmar’s narrative theory of action, this study situates Russia’s current engagement in Africa within a broader historical trajectory, tracing its roots to the 1990s and early 2000s—periods often overlooked in the context of Russia’s African engagement. I analyse how Russia’s elite constructs and performs its identity through actions in West Africa, even when these actions appear counterproductive. The findings suggest that Russia’s efforts reflect a desire to assert its relevance and influence in a polycentric world.