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Terrorist financing and economic consequences ofterrorism: the case of Irish Republican Army (IRA)
Hellenic Coast Guard Commander, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK, (GBR). (Systems Science for Defence and Security)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3263-5962
World Maritime University, Malmö, Sweden, (SWE).ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5260-7910
Swedish Defence University, Department of Systems Science for Defence and Security, Systems Science for Defence and Security Division. (Systems Science for Defence and Security)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3263-5962
2024 (English)In: American Yearbook of International Law, ISSN 2732-9925, Vol. 3, p. 302-369, article id 5Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Abstract: Terrorism, which as a term defies a very clear definition, is not a newborn phenomenon. And although it is ubiquitous in all societies, its sources or motives -as well as related methods- vary greatly over time and space. The Irish Republican Army (IRA) constitutes a typical example of the anticolonial   wave   terrorist   groups   struggling   for   self-determination after the collapse of empires in the twentieth century. As such, it belongs to the so-called “old” or traditional terrorism as opposed to al Qaeda or ISIS, which represent what are said to be “new” terrorist groups. The reasons that prompted the rise and development of the IRA as a terrorist group and its key characteristics have been much discussed in the related literature. The strengths of the IRA, that is the factors that made it long-lasting and successful, as well as its shortcomings along with their potential effects have been adequately researched. Similarities and differences between the IRA and other terrorist groups, especially in the light of their core   values, their   followed   strategies   and   the   nature   and effectiveness of counter strategies on governmental level have also been well recorded in the terrorism literature. Even though there exist a few studies focusing on the economic repercussions of terrorism, the economics of the IRA both from the input (terrorist financing) and the output (economic consequences of terrorism) side do not seem to have attracted much attention. This paper aims to explore the economic impact of the IRA by employing an input-output approach. Desk research was used to gather and analyze data from various sources, such as books, journals, reports and relevant websites. The results suggest that more recent literature points to a plethora of non-US fund-raising mechanisms for the IRA, contrary perhaps to the popular history or early studies on the subject. The results also indicate that the IRA, with its use of violence, negatively   affected   in   multiple   ways   the   British economy and, even more, that of Northern Ireland, not to mention that of the Irish Republic. The results are discussed in terms of three types of economic impact, namely direct, indirect (or, intangible/secondary) and “other” costs of the IRA terrorist attacks, always bearing in mind the short-run versus long-run perspectives.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024. Vol. 3, p. 302-369, article id 5
Keywords [en]
Terrorist groups, Irish Republican Army (IRA), terrorist financing, economic consequences of terrorism, economic impact of terrorism
National Category
Economics and Business Political Science
Research subject
Systems science for defence and security
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-13300DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14290103OAI: oai:DiVA.org:fhs-13300DiVA, id: diva2:1920953
Available from: 2024-12-12 Created: 2024-12-12 Last updated: 2025-09-29Bibliographically approved

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Ávila-Zúñiga Nordfjeld, Adriana

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CiteExportLink to record
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