Logo: to the web site of the Swedish Defence University

The geopolitical conflict and complex relationship between Israel and Iran have been widely recognized over the last decades. The reason behind the conflict is mainly because of Iran’s intensified and extended development of their nuclear capabilities which Israel considers as an existential threat. Therefore, on the 13th of June 2025, Israel executed their long planned air operation, “Operation Rising Lion”, with the objectives to disrupt the development and deny Iran further nuclear capabilities. The Israeli Air Force struck against various targets including Iranian military forces, civilians, infrastructure, system essentials and leadership. By applying John Warden’s “Five Rings Theory” and Robert Pape’s four coercive strategies in airpower, this study aims to deepen the understanding of Operation Rising Lion. Taking a theory-consuming approach,the study applies a structured analysis to examine key sequences and events during the operation while using Warden and Pape’s theories as framework. The results show how Israel through precise target selection and parallel strikes could stop the continuous development of Iranian nuclear capabilities. Furthermore, the results also explain the importance of comprehension about these kinds of operations and why it’s relevant for officers in the Swedish Armed Forces.