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Despite the reintroduction of gender-neutral conscription in Sweden in 2017, the proportion of women entering military service has decreased in recent years. This study examines what young Swedish women perceive as influencing their motivation and attitudes towards military service. Using an interpretative research design, interviews were conducted with young women, including conscripts and civilians. The empirical analysis was conducted through thematic analysis, guided by the Social Role Theory.

The results show that motivation is shaped through a socially embedded process influenced by gender norms, perceptions of the military as a male-dominated institution, social relationships and access to information. Female role models, social support and increased understanding of the purpose of military service strengthen motivation, while perceived exclusion, insecurity and stereotypical soldier ideals weaken it. By analysing these factors, the study contributes to War Studies by increasing the understanding of how female motivation affects the foundation for building military capability.