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Exploring the Double Shift of Paradigm: Drug Cartel Organizations and the Strategy in the Fight Against Drugs
Swedish Defence University, Department of Systems Science for Defence and Security, Systems Science for Defence and Security Division. (Systems Science for Defence and Security)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3263-5962
World Maritime University, Malmö, Sweden, (SWE).ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5260-7910
World Maritime University, Malmö, Sweden, (SWE).ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5173-108X
2024 (English)In: American Yearbook of International Law, ISSN 2732-9925, Vol. 3, p. 119-198, article id 2Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Abstract: The term of terrorism has been widely discussed by several   authors   and   security organizations   previously.   The overall common contribution is that a certain activity cannot be approached   under   the   prism   of   terrorism   unless   it   has   a   clear deliberate   political motive. Certainly, the   strong   connection between   drug   crime   organizations   and   terror   groups   has been argued   by   an   extended   number   of   national   authorities   from different   countries. An initiative   was   presented   before   the   US Congressional   Foreign   Affairs   Committee   to designate as “Terror   Foreign   Organizations” to   a   total   of   nine   of   the organized crime groups from Mexico (drug cartels), endorsing the   US   armed   forces   act   against   third   countries   where these criminal   organizations   have   their   operations.   Such   actions   can fall   under   the   term of “invasion” or “violation   of   a   nation’s sovereignty rights”. This paper analyses the concept of foreign terror organization, within the framework of drug cartels including the legal aspects related to   such   resolution.   It   also   explores   other   alternatives, such as formulations of defence and security alliances in defence and   security   systems   or   coalitions   organised   to   face   common security challenges. Finally, it examines   the   concept   of   narcoterrorism   based   on selected literature and presents a mapping of crimes performed by   drug   cartel   organizations   that   may be   classified   as narcoterrorism actions. These varies from massive killing to the use of bombs during a national celebration to the launching of landmines in their two varieties: anti-personnel and anti-vehicle mines, among others, to fundamentally shift the paradigm from “Transnational Organized     Crime”  to     “narcoterrorism,” becoming “hybrid organizations”.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024. Vol. 3, p. 119-198, article id 2
Keywords [en]
Terrorism, Fight Against Drugs, InternationalAlliances and Partnerships, Transnational Organized Crime, Narcoterrorism, Interdiction Operations
National Category
Law Political Science
Research subject
Systems science for defence and security
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-13298DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14290072OAI: oai:DiVA.org:fhs-13298DiVA, id: diva2:1920888
Available from: 2024-12-12 Created: 2024-12-12 Last updated: 2024-12-13Bibliographically approved

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Ávila-Zúñiga Nordfjeld, Adriana

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