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This thesis examines the development of Swedish assessments and reports of military psychology and military psychiatry during the 20th century, seeking to understand the development through the theories of medicalization and military medicalization. The analysis of the two sources Journal in Military Healthcare and Journal in Defence Medicine is carried out by two methods; a qualitative comparative analysis and a qualitative content analysis. The investigation period, more specifically 1905–1975, was divided into three parts on the basis that within the various parts different military psychological and military psychiatric themes were assessed and reported. The first period, 1905–1920, was marked by the Russo-Japanese War, mental illness, World War I and the use of chemical weapons. The second period, 1941–1960, was characterized by the Second World War, war neuroses, atomic bombs and treatment via psychotropic drugs. The third period, 1964–1975, consisted mostly of the stresses of conscription and further lessons regarding war neuroses. Assessments and reports have been well in line with the contemporary military and societal context, which in itself indicates that the journals’ experts appear to have been well versed in the military situation around the world, for instance regarding current problem areas. It also appears that the journals, throughout the entire investigation period, have devoted themselves to extensive studies of foreign military organizations and wars – e.g. through literature studies and study tours – to gather experiences and lessons for Swedish military matters.