Many acknowledge the lack of studies addressing military logistics, yet the issue persists. While existing research predominantly examines western contexts, this study seeks to enrich our understanding by delving into the less-explored realm of military logistics in Eastern settings. The primary objective of this study is to enhance understanding of the logistical dynamics during the Soviet–Afghan war by examining the Soviet logistics. Using Moshe Kress's theoretical framework on operational and structural logistics, this research endeavors to illuminate this historical case. Employing a case study methodology coupled with qualitative text analysis, the study examines the Soviet logistics in the Soviet–Afghan conflict. The findings underscore the challenges the Soviets encountered in managing their logistics, particularly in ensuring the security of their communication lines. The study attributes many of these challenges to the inadequate road infrastructure and the hostile terrain of the region.