This chapter introduces readers to women’s activism within the context of conflict. Drawing on feminist literature and case studies detailing women’s activism, we show how an awareness of unequal gender dynamics in the context of conflict has propelled women from diverse backgrounds and with different aims to collaborate. We use the example of a multiethnic women’s movement in Myanmar to illustrate how both the rejection of, as well as support for, war can be understood as manifestations of feminist activism. Structural and systematic gender inequalities have compelled a cross-section of actors, sharing similar objectives but differing in their approaches, to challenge militarized patriarchal institutions and norms. This suggests that under some circumstances, women-led pacifist activism and armed resistance co-exist, warranting further research on this topic. We therefore urge feminist research on women’s activism to expand their research agenda to analyse under what circumstances and in what ways women-led coalitions for peace and in armed resistance add to, rather than detract from each other’s aims and objectives.