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Publications (10 of 78) Show all publications
Jonsson, E. (2026). Recruitment to the Swedish all-volunteer force: impact on quantity and quality of recruits. Defence Studies, 26(1), 1-12
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Recruitment to the Swedish all-volunteer force: impact on quantity and quality of recruits
2026 (English)In: Defence Studies, ISSN 1470-2436, E-ISSN 1743-9698, Vol. 26, no 1, p. 1-12Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study describes and analyses volunteer recruitment to the Swedish Armed Forces (SwAF) during the voluntary recruitment years between 2011 and 2017 and compares the results with previous conscription years. The analysis includes performance data from the admission test; a quality measure that has seldom been reported. The results show that the psychological and physical quality were slightly higher among volunteers than conscripts. Additionally, the proportion of women increased under the volunteer recruitment system, where both genders applied on equal terms. Despite the improvements in quality, the quantity of applicants was insufficient to fill all positions in the basic military training and within the SwAF during the years of voluntary recruitment.

Keywords
Recruitment, selection, all-volunteer force, conscription, quality, Swedish Armed Forces
National Category
Psychology Other Social Sciences
Research subject
Leadership and Command & Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-14376 (URN)10.1080/14702436.2025.2474062 (DOI)
Available from: 2026-01-09 Created: 2026-01-09 Last updated: 2026-03-27Bibliographically approved
Kasearu, K., Jonsson, E. & Honegger, M. (2025). Conscription in Europe. In: Tibor Szvircsev Tresch; Vida Česnuitytė; Kairi Kasearu; Teija Sederholm; Johan Österberg (Ed.), Conscription as Subject of National Security: Comparative Perspective in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century (pp. 283-294). Wiesbaden: Springer
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Conscription in Europe
2025 (English)In: Conscription as Subject of National Security: Comparative Perspective in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century / [ed] Tibor Szvircsev Tresch; Vida Česnuitytė; Kairi Kasearu; Teija Sederholm; Johan Österberg, Wiesbaden: Springer, 2025, p. 283-294Chapter in book (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiesbaden: Springer, 2025
Series
Militär und Sozialwissenschaften/The Military and Social Research, ISSN 2731-0817, E-ISSN 2731-0825 ; 58
National Category
War, Crisis, and Security Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-14374 (URN)978-3-658-47544-4 (ISBN)978-3-658-47545-1 (ISBN)
Available from: 2026-01-09 Created: 2026-01-09 Last updated: 2026-03-27Bibliographically approved
Österberg, J. & Jonsson, E. (2025). Conscription in Sweden. In: Tibor Szvircsev Tresch; Vida Česnuitytė; Kairi Kasearu; Teija Sederholm; Johan Österberg (Ed.), Conscription as Subject of National Security: Comparative Perspective in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century (pp. 113-127). Wiesbaden: Springer
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Conscription in Sweden
2025 (English)In: Conscription as Subject of National Security: Comparative Perspective in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century / [ed] Tibor Szvircsev Tresch; Vida Česnuitytė; Kairi Kasearu; Teija Sederholm; Johan Österberg, Wiesbaden: Springer, 2025, p. 113-127Chapter in book (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiesbaden: Springer, 2025
Series
Militär und Sozialwissenschaften/The Military and Social Research, ISSN 2731-0817, E-ISSN 2731-0825 ; 58
National Category
War, Crisis, and Security Studies
Research subject
Leadership and Command & Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-14370 (URN)978-3-658-47544-4 (ISBN)978-3-658-47545-1 (ISBN)
Available from: 2026-01-09 Created: 2026-01-09 Last updated: 2026-03-27Bibliographically approved
Österberg, J., Salo, M., Jonsson, E. & Sederholm, T. (2025). Leadership in the Context of Conscription. In: Tibor Szvircsev Tresch; Vida Česnuitytė; Kairi Kasearu; Teija Sederholm; Johan Österberg (Ed.), Conscription as Subject of National Security: Comparative Perspective in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century (pp. 245-258). Wiesbaden: Springer
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Leadership in the Context of Conscription
2025 (English)In: Conscription as Subject of National Security: Comparative Perspective in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century / [ed] Tibor Szvircsev Tresch; Vida Česnuitytė; Kairi Kasearu; Teija Sederholm; Johan Österberg, Wiesbaden: Springer, 2025, p. 245-258Chapter in book (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiesbaden: Springer, 2025
Series
Militär und Sozialwissenschaften/The Military and Social Research, ISSN 2731-0817, E-ISSN 2731-0825 ; 58
National Category
War, Crisis, and Security Studies
Research subject
Leadership and Command & Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-14372 (URN)978-3-658-47544-4 (ISBN)978-3-658-47545-1 (ISBN)
Available from: 2026-01-09 Created: 2026-01-09 Last updated: 2026-03-27Bibliographically approved
Jonsson, E. (2025). Rekryteringsunderlaget 2024. Stockholm: Försvarshögskolan (FHS)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Rekryteringsunderlaget 2024
2025 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva och analysera utvecklingen av rekryteringsunderlaget, kvantitativt och kvalitativt. I rekryteringsunderlaget 2024 ingår pliktade och frivilligt sökande. De pliktade 2024 består av svarande på mönstringsunderlaget vilka är individer som är födda 2006. De frivilligt sökande består av individer som har besvarat prövningsunderlaget under januari – december 2024. Resultat från mönstringen har kopplats samman med respektive individ och inrymmer tidsperioden januari 2023 till april 2025.

Rekryteringsunderlaget 2024 är det hittills största och består av 116 794 individer, av vilka huvuddelen (92 %) är pliktade. Bland de nomineringsbara är andelen pliktade fortsatt 92 procent. Den könsneutrala plikten innebär att 47 procent av det totala underlaget består av kvinnor; 49 procent av de pliktade och 21 procent av de frivilligt sökande. Genom antagningsprocessen minskar andelen kvinnor till 17 procent av de nomineringsbara. Andelen nomineringsbara kvinnor är i nivå med föregående år men något lägre jämfört med 2020–2022, samt lägre än Försvarsmaktens mål på 21-22 procent.

Värdena i pliktförmåga och befälslämplighet bland de nomineringsbara var de högsta sedan värnpliktens återinförande. Medan de nomineringsbaras värde i fysisk kapacitet minskade från förra årets höga notering. Värdet i fysisk kapacitet bland nomineringsbara kvinnor var det lägsta sedan värnpliktens återinförande.

Generellt sett presterar de mönstrade individerna i rekryteringsunderlaget 2024 lägre värden på mönstringen än åren med endast frivilligt sökande, vilket kan ses som en konsekvens av att fler kallas till mönstring och att värdena mer bör avspegla en normalpopulation. De nomineringsbara 2024 har högre värden i de psykologiska variablerna men lägre i fysisk kapacitet och muskelkapacitet jämfört med frivilligåren.

Abstract [sv]

The aim of the present study is to describe and analyze the development of the recruitment base for the Swedish Armed Forces, quantitatively and qualitatively. The recruitment base 2024 consists of both mandatory and voluntary applicants. The mandatory respondents, individuals born in 2006, received the mustering questionnaire in 2024. The voluntary applicants are individuals who have completed the recruit test during 2024. Data from the mustering, spanning January 2024 to April 2025, have been linked at the individual level.

The re-introduced conscription (2018) implies a significant increase in quantity, where the recruitment base 2024 consists of 116 794 individuals, of whom the majority (92%) were affected by the conscription (also 92% among the nominated). Due to the gender-neutral conscription, 47 percent of the total recruitment base consists of women; 49 percent of the conscripted individuals and 21 percent of the voluntary applicants. During the admissions process, the proportion of women decreases to 17 percent of the nominated. The proportion of nominated women was slightly lower compared to 2020-2022 and to the Swedish Armed Forces’ target of 21-22 percent.

The values of ability to serve and leader capacity among the nominated were the highest since the reintroduction of conscription. While physical capacities decreased from last year's high listing. The value in physical capacity among nominated women was the lowest since the reintroduction of conscription.

In general, the individuals in the 2024 recruitment base perform lower values on the mustering compared to the years with only volunteer recruitment (2011–2017), which can be seen as a consequence of more people being called up for enlistment and that the values more should reflect the general population. The 2024 nominees have higher values in the psychological variables but lower in physical capacity and muscle capacity compared to the volunteer years.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Försvarshögskolan (FHS), 2025. p. 66
Series
Swedish Defence University Report Series, ISSN 2004-7894 ; 2025:09
National Category
Psychology Political Science
Research subject
Leadership and Command & Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-14269 (URN)10.62061/qwft4125 (DOI)978-91-88975-65-2 (ISBN)
Available from: 2025-12-09 Created: 2025-12-09 Last updated: 2025-12-09Bibliographically approved
Salminen, M., Sahramäki, J., Österberg, J., Jonsson, E., Salo, M. & Kasearu, K. (2025). Unit Cohesion During Conscription. In: Tibor Szvircsev Tresch; Vida Česnuitytė; Kairi Kasearu; Teija Sederholm; Johan Österberg (Ed.), Conscription as Subject of National Security: Comparative Perspective in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century (pp. 225-243). Wiesbaden: Springer
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Unit Cohesion During Conscription
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2025 (English)In: Conscription as Subject of National Security: Comparative Perspective in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century / [ed] Tibor Szvircsev Tresch; Vida Česnuitytė; Kairi Kasearu; Teija Sederholm; Johan Österberg, Wiesbaden: Springer, 2025, p. 225-243Chapter in book (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiesbaden: Springer, 2025
Series
Militär und Sozialwissenschaften/The Military and Social Research, ISSN 2731-0817, E-ISSN 2731-0825 ; 58
National Category
War, Crisis, and Security Studies
Research subject
Leadership and Command & Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-14371 (URN)978-3-658-47544-4 (ISBN)978-3-658-47545-1 (ISBN)
Available from: 2026-01-09 Created: 2026-01-09 Last updated: 2026-03-27Bibliographically approved
Jonsson, E., Salo, M., Lillemäe, E., Bruntland Steder, F., Ferst, T., Kasearu, K., . . . Truusa, T.-T. (2024). Multifaceted Conscription: A Comparative Study of Six European Countries. Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies, 7(1), 19-33
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Multifaceted Conscription: A Comparative Study of Six European Countries
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2024 (English)In: Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies, E-ISSN 2596-3856, Vol. 7, no 1, p. 19-33Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Although the last few decades have witnessed a shift from conscription to all-volunteer forces in many European countries, recent changes in the European security environment have raised new concerns and prompted several countries to reconsider conscription. However, modern conscription systems have also had to adapt to changing societies and an increasing emphasis on individualistic and neoliberal values. This study aims to examine the various forms of military conscription and illuminate the continuing viability of the conscription model in six European countries: Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland. Four of these countries have consistently maintained conscription (Estonia, Finland, Norway, and Switzerland), while Lithuania and Sweden have recently reinstated conscription. Although conscription systems differ among these countries, there is overall an increasing emphasis on conscript motivation and female participation. Three key aspects are identified to describe different conscription systems: the proportion of conscripted individuals in the birth cohort, motivation to serve, and the approach to female conscripts. Combining these aspects, the study identifies three types of conscription system in these six countries. This article demonstrates that conscription has evolved and adapted to changing societies and security situations instead of merely retaining its traditional form.

Keywords
conscription, armed forces, motivation, female participation, reinstating conscription
National Category
Sociology
Research subject
Leadership and Command & Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-12299 (URN)10.31374/sjms.166 (DOI)
Available from: 2024-03-07 Created: 2024-03-07 Last updated: 2025-09-29Bibliographically approved
Jonsson, E. (2024). Rekryteringsunderlaget 2023. Stockholm: Försvarshögskolan (FHS)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Rekryteringsunderlaget 2023
2024 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva och analysera utvecklingen av rekryteringsunderlaget, kvantitativt och kvalitativt. I rekryteringsunderlaget 2023 ingår pliktade och frivilligt sökande. De pliktade 2023 består av svarande på mönstringsunderlaget vilka är individer som är födda 2005. De frivilligt sökande består av individer som har besvarat prövningsunderlaget under januari –december 2023. Resultat från mönstringen har kopplats samman med respektive individ och inrymmer tidsperioden januari 2023 till april 2024.

Rekryteringsunderlaget 2023 består av 111 875 individer, av vilka huvuddelen (92 %) är pliktade. Av de nomineringsbara är andelen pliktade 91 procent. Den könsneutrala plikten innebär att 47 procent av det totala underlaget består av kvinnor; 49 procent av de pliktade och 22 procent av de frivilligt sökande. Genom antagningsprocessen minskar andelen kvinnor till 17 procent av den omineringsbara. Andelen nomineringsbara kvinnor är något lägre jämfört med 2020–2022.

Jämfört med tidigare pliktår, 2018–2022, är kvaliteten bland de mönstrade och nomineringsbara 2023 något lägre i de psykologiska variablerna. En liten ökning mot 2022 noteras i mönstrades pliktförmåga och befälslämplighet. De nomineringsbara har bättre värden i pliktförmåga, befälslämplighet, fysisk kapacitet och muskelkapacitet jämfört med 2022 (ingen skillnad i generell begåvning), men generellt något lägre värden jämfört med övriga år sedan värnpliktens återinförande. Den fysiska kapaciteten bland nomineringsbara är 2023 det högsta sedan 2014 (delat på kön noteras att männens värden ökat medan kvinnornas minskat). För första gången har mönstrade män högre värden än kvinnor i samtliga psykologiska och fysiologiska variabler som presenteras i Rekryteringsunderlaget.

Generellt sett presterar de mönstrade och nomineringsbara individerna i rekryteringsunderlaget 2023 lägre värden på mönstringen än åren med endast frivilligt sökande, med undantag för de nomineringsbaras generella begåvning som är högre. Resultatet ses som en konsekvens av att fler kallas till mönstring, vilket bör innebära att värdena mer bör avspegla en normalpopulation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Försvarshögskolan (FHS), 2024. p. 68
Series
Swedish Defence University Report Series, ISSN 2004-7894 ; 2024:10
National Category
Psychology
Research subject
Leadership and Command & Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-13317 (URN)978-91-88975-50-8 (ISBN)
Available from: 2024-12-18 Created: 2024-12-18 Last updated: 2025-09-29Bibliographically approved
Jonsson, E. (2024). The recruitment base for the Swedish basic military training. In: : . Paper presented at 17th ERGOMAS Biennial Conference, July 1-5, 2024, Stockholm, Sweden.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The recruitment base for the Swedish basic military training
2024 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Other academic)
National Category
Other Social Sciences
Research subject
Leadership and Command & Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-13322 (URN)
Conference
17th ERGOMAS Biennial Conference, July 1-5, 2024, Stockholm, Sweden
Available from: 2024-12-18 Created: 2024-12-18 Last updated: 2025-09-29Bibliographically approved
Jonsson, E. & Österberg, J. (2024). Unit Cohesion during conscription: A multinational comparison. In: : . Paper presented at 17th ERGOMAS Biennial Conference, July 1-5, 2024, Stockholm, Sweden.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Unit Cohesion during conscription: A multinational comparison
2024 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Other academic)
National Category
Other Social Sciences
Research subject
Leadership and Command & Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-13323 (URN)
Conference
17th ERGOMAS Biennial Conference, July 1-5, 2024, Stockholm, Sweden
Available from: 2024-12-18 Created: 2024-12-18 Last updated: 2025-09-29Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-5659-0984

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