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  • 1.
    Erdeniz, Robert
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, War Studies Division, Sektionen för operationskonst (KV Opkonst). Division of Philosophy, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Johansson, Linda
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Tactical Warfare Division, Maritime Operations Section. Division of Philosophy, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Military operations planning and goal-management: a philosophical perspective: thoughts on how decision theory and ethics can help improve military goal-management2019In: Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, E-ISSN 1488-559X, Vol. 19, no 3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper discusses and reviews some previous research concerning what we denote as ‘goal-management’, in other words how to set, apply and evaluate goals when conducting military operations planning. We aim to explain and answer the following question:

    • In what way could a review of previous philosophical thoughts on goal-management, decision theory and ethics improve contemporary military operations planning concerning goal-management?

    We suggest a guideline (a planning tool) for how to conduct goal-management when planning military operations and exemplify our guideline with two fictive examples concerning the development of an Operational advice and Appreciation of Rules of Engagement. The paper concludes that the application of decision theory and ethics, i.e. important parts of philosophy, can contribute to military operations planning by focusing on three perspectives: an axiomatic, an ethical and a deliberative perspective.

  • 2. Frisk, Robert
    et al.
    Johansson, Linda
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Tactical Warfare Division, Maritime Operations Section.
    From Samurais to Borgs: Reflections on the importance of Intelligence Ethics2021In: The international journal of intelligenca and counter intelligence, ISSN 0885-0607, E-ISSN 1521-0561, Vol. 34, no 1, p. 70-96Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 3.
    Johansson, Linda
    Swedish Defence University, Department of War Studies, Maritime Operations Division.
    Argument mapping in intelligence analysis2024In: Global Securities & Intelligence Studies (GSIS), E-ISSN 2472-3614, Vol. 9, no 2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this article is to look at argument mapping in intelligence analysis and make suggestions for improvements in terms of analytic rigor and clarity, as well as justification when there is time to evaluate the boxes. Argument mapping is described in a similar way in the intelligence literature, but somewhat differently compared to philosophical literature and there are some things that are questionable or need to be clarified. It is also not clear what should be included in terms of analysis of competing hypotheses (ACH) or Bayesian analysis, for instance. The point of argument mapping is clarity of structure. Therefore, there should be a main claim or main hypothesis at the top, which is not an argument for something else in the tree, and which is argued for in the tree. ACH and Bayesian analysis should be performed before the argument map in order to find main hypotheses for separate trees. Even if it might be possible to put numbers on some boxes in the tree, doing it on all boxes might produce misleading results, depending on what they contain. The argument tree should be as clean as possible. Without numbers and likelihoods, we might use the notion of justified belief when investigating the tentative judgments so common in intelligence analysis. 

  • 4.
    Johansson, Linda
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Tactical Warfare Division, Maritime Operations Section.
    Artificiell intelligens och konstgjord moral2018In: Religion & Livsfrågor, ISSN 0347-2159, no 4, p. 4-5Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 5.
    Johansson, Linda
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Tactical Warfare Division, Maritime Operations Section.
    Bör robotar få döda?: Etiska aspekter på militära autonoma system2017In: Tidskrift i sjöväsendet, ISSN 0040-6945, no 1, p. 26-35Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Two concepts are central in the debate regarding lethal autonomous weapon systems: autonomy and dignity. Autonomy is crucial when looking at the responsibility, particularly when autonomous systems become more advanced, and there is also an issue on whether they can be held responsible for their actions. But even if that is not the case, they may affect the responsibility of humans in the decision-chain. The other term, dignity, is used in the debate on whether autonomous systems should be allowed to make decisions on killing. The argument is that autonomous systems should not be allowed to kill, since they are not able to respect human dignity. My point is that these concepts need to be discussed more in anticipation of more advanced robots and autonomous weapon systems.

  • 6.
    Johansson, Linda
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Tactical Warfare Division, Maritime Operations Section.
    Den leende roboten2018In: Axess, ISSN 1651-0941, no 1, p. 51-53Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Robotar kan vara roliga. Samtidigt är det svårt att tänka sig att de skulle kunna programmeras för att få känsla för tillvarons absurditeter. Frågan är om en robot kan ha humor. 

  • 7.
    Johansson, Linda
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Military Studies, War Studies Division, Sektionen för marina operationer (KV Marin).
    Drömmen om oblodiga krig2015In: Militär historia, ISSN 2000-3471, no 12Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 8.
    Johansson, Linda
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Military Studies, War Studies Division, Sektionen för marina operationer (KV Marin).
    Drönare: från ballonger till fjärrstyrda bombplan2015In: Militär historia, ISSN 2000-3471, no 12Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 9.
    Johansson, Linda
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Tactical Warfare Division, Maritime Operations Section.
    Ethical aspects of military maritime and aerial autonomous systems2018In: Journal of Military Ethics, ISSN 1502-7570, E-ISSN 1502-7589, Vol. 17, no 2-3, p. 140-155Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Two categories of ethical questions surrounding military autonomous systems are discussed in this article. The first category concerns ethical issues regarding the use of military autonomous systems in the air and in the water. These issues are systematized with the Laws of Armed Conflict (LOAC) as a backdrop. The second category concerns whether autonomous systems may affect the ethical interpretation of LOAC. It is argued that some terms in LOAC are vague and can be interpreted differently depending on which ethical normative theory is used, which may increase with autonomous systems. The impact of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) on the laws of war will be discussed and compared to Maritime Autonomous Systems (MAS). The conclusion is that there is need for revisions of LOAC regarding autonomous systems, and that the greatest ethically relevant difference between UAVs and MAS has to do with issues connected to jus ad bellum – particularly lowering the threshold for starting war – but also the sense of unfairness, violation of integrity, and the potential for secret wars.

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  • 10.
    Johansson, Linda
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Military Studies, War Studies Division, Sektionen för marina operationer (KV Marin).
    Filosofiska aspekter på autonoma system2015In: Kungl Krigsvetenskapsakademiens Handlingar och Tidskrift, ISSN 0023-5369, no 2, p. 167-177Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 11.
    Johansson, Linda
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Tactical Warfare Division, Maritime Operations Section.
    Hopp eller hot: om artificiell intelligens2021In: Känsliga frågor, nödvändiga samtal: att lära om och av kontroverser / [ed] Karin K. Flensner, Göran Larsson, Roger Säljö, Lund: Studentlitteratur AB, 2021, 1, p. 145-160Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Johansson, Linda
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Military Studies, War Studies Division, Sektionen för marina operationer (KV Marin).
    Robotar med rätt att döda: Vad händer när maskiner får fatta egna beslut om liv och död?2014In: Allt om vetenskap, ISSN 1652-3318, no 5, p. 32-38Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 13.
    Johansson, Linda
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Military Studies, War Studies Division, Sektionen för marina operationer (KV Marin).
    Äkta robotar2015Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 14.
    Johansson, Linda
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Tactical Warfare Division, Maritime Operations Section.
    Är det fegt att använda drönare?2017In: Mod i strid och filosofi: Dygdetiska perspektiv från Aristoteles till drönarkriget / [ed] Peter Haldén och Björn Tjällén, Nordic Academic Press, 2017, p. 195-217Chapter in book (Other academic)
1 - 14 of 14
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