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  • 1.
    Bäccman, Charlotte
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    A Construct Validation of a Profession-Focused Personality Questionnaire (PQ) Versus the FFPI and the SIMP2010In: European Journal of Psychological Assessment, ISSN 1015-5759, E-ISSN 2151-2426, Vol. 26, no 2, p. 136-142Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study is a construct validation of a profession-focused personality questionnaire (PQ), based on the Big Five, and developed for a military population and military context. The sample (N = 363) consisted of participants selected for international services in the Swedish Armed Forces. The structure of the PQ was modeled by means of confirmatory factor analysis, and its convergent validity was tested against the Five Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI) (Hendricks, Hofstee, & de Raad, 1999, 2000) and the Single-Item Measures of Personality (SIMP) (Woods & Hampson, 2005) as correlations. The emergent structure of the PQ – 41 items and 7 aspects – showed good internal consistency and acceptable convergent validity with both criterion instruments. The only nonconvergence was found between the Agreeableness aspect of the PQ, Concern for Others, and Agreeableness of the SIMP, most likely because of the broader SIMP factor. The structure of PQ was tested on a new sample (N = 274) and was found stable regarding the factor loadings and the relations between the factors. While the PQ needs to be investigated further, it seems as if it may become a useful tool in the research of military teams and contexts.

  • 2.
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish National Defence College, Ledarskapsinstitutionen.
    Differentiation of cognitive abilities as a function of level of general intelligence: A latent variable approach2001In: Multivariate Behavioral Research, ISSN 0027-3171, E-ISSN 1532-7906, Vol. 36, no 4, p. 589-609Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Differentiation of cognitive abilities at different levels of general ability in same-aged subjects was tested by a latent variable approach in a multiple-groups design. Eighteen-year old conscripts (n = 14,720) representing the whole range of general ability in the male population, except for the mentally retarded, were tested by the Swedish Enlistment Battery. The sample of subjects was divided into 8, 16 and 32 groups according to level of general ability (G), and the amount of variance due to the ability factors Crystallized intelligence (Gc) and General visualization (Gv) was studied over the G levels. Variance contributed by Gc and Gv increased as the level of G increased. This effect was, however, not observed up through the highest levels of G, probably due to deficiencies in the measurement properties of the Gc and Gv tests at the highest G levels. Theoretical and methodological implications of the results are discussed, as are the consequences for the assessment of specific cognitive abilities at different levels of general ability.

  • 3.
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Har försvarsmaktens omstrukturering förändrat värnpliktspopulationens kvalitet2006Report (Other academic)
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  • 4.
    Carlstedt, Berit
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Carlstedt, Leif
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    De sista värnpliktiga har muckat: Kvalitet och vilja till engagemang i Försvarsmakten2010Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Rapporten syftar till att beskriva värnpliktskohorten 2009-2010 avseende grundläggande kapaciteter, upplevelse av värnpliktstjänstgöringen och vilja till olika slag av engagemang i Försvarsmakten (FM) efter värnplikten. Vad som bidrar till dessa olika slag av engagemang belyses med materialet uppdelat på män och kvinnor samt på befattningsnivå under tjänstgöringen. En positiv förväntan på militärtjänsten ser ut att vara en bra grund för att med goda erfarenheter av utbildning och ledarskap förstärka inställningen till FM attraktivitet och därmed viljan att fortsätta i denna organisation. Resultaten ger en bild av kvalitet och engagemang för FM hos de sista värnpliktiga i det svenska försvaret. Så mycket som 48 % av de värnpliktiga har uttryckt någon form av engagemang i FM – sökt till internationell tjänst, till officersutbildning, till Hemvärn/Nationella skyddsstyrkan, till någon frivilligorganisation eller har planer på att söka som soldat. Att döma av dessa resultat så är verkningsgraden av värnplikten hög.

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  • 5.
    Carlstedt, Berit
    et al.
    Swedish National Defence College, Ledarskapsinstitutionen.
    Gustafsson, J. E.
    Ullstadius, E.
    Item sequencing effects on the measurement of fluid intelligence2000In: Intelligence, ISSN 0160-2896, E-ISSN 1873-7935, Vol. 28, no 2, p. 145-160Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Definitions of the concept of intelligence typically emphasize two aspects, the ability to solve complex problems (the complexity aspect) and the ability to acquire new knowledge (the learning aspect). Complexity has been the most emphasized aspect in the psychometric approach to research on intelligence. The study investigated whether a change of test item sequencing, intended to increase test complexity, would cause increased involvement of general intelligence (G). Three types of problem-solving items (Groups, Series, and Bongard) were administered in a sequence (the homogeneous treatment, n = 363). In the treatment intended to increase complexity, items of different types were presented by turns (the heterogeneous treatment, n = 1,778). Three reference tests measuring verbal, spatial, and reasoning ability were used in the analysis. Contrary to what was expected, the items presented homogeneously showed higher G loadings. The reason for this might be that in the reasoning tests used, processes of learning took place from one item to another, and that the high-G individuals could take better advantage of this opportunity in the homogeneous than in the heterogeneous treatment. The consequences of the results for testing in general and for computer adaptive testing in particular are discussed.

  • 6.
    Carlstedt, Berit
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Gustavsson, Björn
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Hyllengren, Peder
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Personell kvalitet, unit readiness och förtroende hos chefer och soldater i NBG08 Core battalion2008In: Förutsättningar för att verka internationellt: Slutrapport från temaområde Människan i NBF 2004-2008 / [ed] Anders W Berggren, Karlstad: Försvarshögskolan , 2008, p. 93-113Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Danielsson, Erna
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Reservofficeren: Från att fylla vakanser till att nyttja kompetenser2009Report (Other academic)
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  • 8.
    Danielsson, Erna
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet.
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    The Swedish Reserve Officer: Filling Vacancies or Using Competences2011In: Armed forces and society, ISSN 0095-327X, E-ISSN 1556-0848, Vol. 37, no 2, p. 284-300Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study is to examine the reserve force's role in and contribution to the new Swedish expeditionary armed forces. Survey data were obtained from 418 reservists. The results show that reserve officers are well educated and hold high positions in the civil society. According to the reserve officers themselves, the Armed Forces do not ask for their nonmilitary competence. The discontent with this situation is greater among the younger reservists as opposed to the older ones. Four different opinions on the need for the reserve officers are suggested. First, reserve officers are requested to fill vacancies, that is, a volume regulator. Second, the reserve officers are needed because they have unique competences other than military that are used by the armed forces. Third, reserve officers are needed from an economic point of view. Finally, reserve officers contribute to the civil- military relationship. However, when using a framework intended for regular officers, the contribution of the reserve officers' civil professional competence has not been recognized.

  • 9.
    Danielsson, Erna
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Johansson, Eva
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Attraktionsarbete och förändring i Försvarsmakten: utmaningar och möjligheter2010Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Rapporten handlar om Försvarsmaktens strategiska arbete för att öka sin attraktionskraft med fokus på attraktionsstrategier på organisationsnivå. Frågor ställs om vilka strategier Försvarsmakten använder för att öka sin attraktionskraft och hur Försvarsmakten arbetar för att utveckla sitt varumärke. Jämförelser görs av hur väl Försvarsmaktens strategier stämmer med det som kännetecknar en attraktiv organisation av idag. I studien framkommer att Försvarsmaktens varumärke stärks av att det har en hög igenkänningsfaktor i samhället, samtidigt som det är ett stort problem att "Försvarsmakten" kan betyda så många olika saker.

    Bristen på stabilitet i organisationen, orsakad av de förändringar som ständigt pågår, bidrar också till otydlighet kring Försvarsmaktens varumärke och identitet. Denna otydlighet gör det svårt för personalen att identifiera sig med organisationen och agera i överensstämmelse med organisationens värden. Så även om informationskanaler finns är det svårt att informera då innehållet till del saknas.

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  • 10.
    Eid, Jarle
    et al.
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Johnsen, Bjorn Helge
    Laberg, Jon Christian
    Bartone, Paul T.
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Psychometric properties of the Norwegian Impact of Event Scale-Revised in a non-clinical sample2009In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, ISSN 0803-9488, E-ISSN 1502-4725, Vol. 63, no 5, p. 426-432Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Despite the widespread use of the Impact of Event Scale to measure post-traumatic stress symptoms, psychometric evaluations of the scale have revealed mixed findings. Aim: The aim of the present study is to provide new empirical evidence and examine the factor structure, reliability, and predictive validity of the Norwegian version of the IES-R. Methods: Posttraumatic stress symptoms were recorded in a student sample (n=312) 3 weeks after the Southeast Asian tsunami disaster in December 2004. Confirmatory factor analyses of the IES-R behavior items using structural equation modeling (SEM) were performed on four models from existing research. Results: The original three-factor model of intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms exhibited the best goodness-of-fit indices when defined as oblique. The IES-R also revealed satisfactory reliability. Symptom levels of intrusion and avoidance were moderate, while hyperarousal scores were low, with a significant gender difference. Conclusion: Taken together, the IES-R revealed good psychometric properties in this nonclinical student sample and could be a useful instrument to assess and follow-up on PTSD symptoms after a certain identified trauma.

  • 11.
    Eid, Jarle
    et al.
    Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway.
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Johnsen, Bjørn-Helge
    Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway.
    Laberg, Jon-Christian
    Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway.
    Bartone, Paul T
    Center for Technology & national Security Policy, National Defense University, Washington, DC, USA.
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised2009In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, ISSN 0803-9488, E-ISSN 1502-4725, Vol. 63, no 5, p. 426-432Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 12.
    Gustavsson, Björn
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Hyllengren, Peder
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    De första specialistofficerarna i Försvarsmakten2010Report (Other academic)
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  • 13.
    Gustavsson, Björn
    et al.
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Levin Orre, Anna-Lena
    Thuresson, Annika
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Faktorer som påverkar viljan att stanna i Försvarsmakten, stressrelaterad ohälsa, trivsel på jobbet samt säkerhetsbeteende: Uppföljning av unga officerare2009Report (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Jonsson, Emma
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Rekryteringsunderlaget 2012: Det andra året med frivilligbaserat försvar2012Report (Other academic)
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  • 15.
    Jonsson, Emma
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Är det viktigt för 17-åringar att göra värnplikt?: Svar från föregångaren till den IT-baserade mönstringsenkäeten2007Report (Other academic)
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  • 16.
    Mårdberg, Bertil
    et al.
    Swedish National Defence College, Ledarskapsinstitutionen.
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish National Defence College, Ledarskapsinstitutionen.
    Swedish Enlistment Battery (SEB): Construct validity and latent variable estimation of cognitive abilities by the CAT-SEB1998In: International Journal of Selection and Assessment, ISSN 0965-075X, E-ISSN 1468-2389, Vol. 6, no 2, p. 107-114Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Modern computer technology permits efficient evaluation of test scores in terms of basic orthogonal factors of ability. A three-level hierarchical model of cognitive abilities was used as the theoretical basis of the computerized Swedish Enlistment Battery (CAT-SEB). Structural analysis of ten ability tests on a sample of 1,436 conscripts by confirmatory factor analysis (tested by the LISREL system) revealed a general, a verbal and a spatial factor - although the determinacy of the latter was weak. A nested factor model was used, with direct influences of the latent variables on the tests. This result is a construct validity evaluation of the testing system. Unrelated factor scores of the three latent variables comprise the output of the testing system. Future research should evaluate the efficiency of the prediction from the latent variables.

  • 17. Ohlsson, A.
    et al.
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Personalförsörjning: Att attrahera unga sökande till Försvarsmakten2009Report (Other academic)
  • 18.
    Rönnlund, Michael
    et al.
    Umeå Universitet.
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Blomstedt, Yulia
    Umeå universitet.
    Nilsson, Lars-Göran
    Umeå universitet.
    Weinhall, Lars
    Stockholms universitet.
    Secular trends in cognitive test performance: Swedish conscript data 1970-19932013In: Intelligence, ISSN 0160-2896, E-ISSN 1873-7935, Vol. 1, no 41, p. 19-24Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We investigated time-related patterns in levels of cognitive performance during the period from 1970 to 1993 based on data from Swedish draft boards. The conscripts, including more than a million 18-19-year old men, had taken one of two versions of the Swedish enlistment battery (SEB67; 1970-1979 or SEB80; 1980-1993), each composed of four subtests. The results revealed significant Flynn effects, with estimated gains of 1.2-1.5 IQ-units per decade. The effect seem to hold across ability levels, even though tendencies of more pronounced effects in the lower half of the ability distribution was observed. The largest gains were for visuospatial tests (Paper Form Board and Metal Folding), with little change, even slight losses during the second sub-period, for tests of verbal knowledge (Concept Discrimination and Synonyms) and a mixed pattern for a test of technical comprehension (losses followed by gains). Finally, comparisons of trends in cognitive performance and in standing height show that the gains in cognitive performance over the years from 1980 to 1993 occurred in the absence of overall gains in height which speaks against nutrition as the cause of the Flynn effects.

  • 19. Ullstadius, E.
    et al.
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Gustafsson, J. E.
    Multidimensional item analysis of ability factors in spatial test items2004In: Personality and Individual Differences, ISSN 0191-8869, E-ISSN 1873-3549, Vol. 37, no 5, p. 1003-1012Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Two strategies for solving spatial test items, drawing differently on general ability and visualization, have been shown. These strategies may not only be a matter of individual predilection, but item features may lend themselves more to one or the other strategy. Newly developed techniques for factor analysis and the Mplus program allows items to be analysed as categorical variables together with summarized test results as continuous variables, which enables analyses of the dimensionality of single test items. Five spatial tests in the Computerized Swedish Enlistment test battery were analysed for a representative sample of 18-year old male conscripts (n = 14,925). The items were fitted one by one for each of the five spatial tests together with the rest of the tests into a hierarchical model of intellectual abilities with general (G), verbal (Gc'), spatial ability (Gv') and test specificity (Tspec') as latent variables. All models showed good fit and the items were found generally to load higher on G than on Gv', except for some of the items on the test with limited response time. No systematic increase in G loadings with increasing item difficulty, indicating a shift to an analytical strategy, was revealed.

  • 20. Ullstadius, E.
    et al.
    Gustafsson, J. E.
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Influence of general and crystallized intelligence on vocabulary test performance2002In: European Journal of Psychological Assessment, ISSN 1015-5759, E-ISSN 2151-2426, Vol. 18, no 1, p. 78-84Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Vocabulary tests, part of most test batteries of general intellectual ability, measure both verbal and general ability. Newly developed techniques for confirmatory factor analysis of dichotomous variables make it possible to analyze the influence of different abilities on the performance on each item. In the testing procedure of the Computerized Swedish Enlistment test battery, eight different subtests of a new vocabulary test were given randomly to subsamples of a representative sample of 18-year-old male conscripts (N = 9001). Three central dimensions of a hierarchical model of intellectual abilities, general (G), verbal (Gc'), and spatial ability (Gv') were estimated under different assumptions of the nature of the data. In addition to an ordinary analysis of covariance matrices, assuming linearity of relations, the item variables were treated as categorical variables in the Mplus program. All eight subtests fit the hierarchical model, and the items were found to load about equally on G and Gc'. The results also indicate that if nonlinearity is not taken into account, the G loadings for the easy items are underestimated. These items, moreover, appear to be better measures of G than the difficult ones. The practical utility of the outcome for item selection and the theoretical implications for the question of the origin of verbal ability are discussed.

  • 21.
    Österberg, Johan
    et al.
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Conscripts’ willingness to sign up for international military service2010In: Europe Without Soldiers: Recruitment and Retention Across the Armed Forces of Europe / [ed] Leuprecht, Christian, London: McGill-Queen's University Press , 2010, p. 109-126Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 22.
    Österberg, Johan
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    ”Värnplikten öppnar en värld av möjligheter”: Viljan att fortsätta i Försvarsmakten hos värnpliktiga på Livgardet år 20102010Report (Other academic)
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  • 23.
    Österberg, Johan
    et al.
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Värnpliktigas intresse för internationell tjänst och officersutbildning2008Report (Other academic)
  • 24.
    Österberg, Johan
    et al.
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Carlstedt, Berit
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Carlstedt, Leif
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Vilka är möjligheterna att rekrytera unga män och kvinnor till det svenska försvaret?: Fyra empiriska studier2007Report (Other academic)
1 - 24 of 24
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