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  • 1.
    Afezelius, Andrea
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), International Law Centre.
    Rapport från seminariet: Genèvekonventionerna under 60 år och framtida utmaningar: Civilas ställning i moderna väpnade konflikter2009Report (Other academic)
  • 2.
    Afzelius, Andrea
    et al.
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), International Law Centre.
    Andreas, Bergman
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), International Law Centre.
    Rapport från expertseminariet: Responsibility in Multinational Military Operations2009Report (Other academic)
  • 3.
    Agrell, Wilhelm
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), CATS (Center for Asymmetric Threat Studies).
    Den svarta svanen och dess motståndare: Förvarningsaspekter på attentaten i Oslo och på Utøya 22 juli 20112013Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Terrorattentaten i Oslo och på Utøya den 22 juli 2011 är inte bara en av de mest omskakande händelserna i samtida norsk och nordisk historia. Det är också en akut situation som ställde samhällets krishanteringsförmåga på prov över ett brett och delvis oförutsett spektrum. Många lärdomar framstod som mer eller mindre uppenbara, andra som diffusare och svårare att omsätta i förändringsåtgärder. Ett sådant område var den avsaknad av varning som tvingade samhällets krishanteringssystem att agera utan någon förberedelsetid.

    Var 22 juli en i raden av stora underrättelse- och varningsmisslyckanden? Eller var i själva verket Anders Behring Breivik en exponent för en i grunden förändrad säkerhetspolitisk karta där hoten inte längre låter sig kategoriseras, kartläggas och bedömas utan uppstår ur oöverblickbara processen på samhälls- och individnivå? I denna rapport från Centrum för asymmetriska hot- och terrorismstudier (CATS) vid Försvarshögskolan undersöker Wilhelm Agrell varningsdimensionen i händelseförloppet före och under terrorattentatet och diskuterar de övergripande och allmänt tillämpbara slutsatser som kan dras från de sätt på vilket frågor kring hotbilder och varning hanterades. Arbetet med rapporten är en del av det projekt kring underrättelsestudier som finansieras av Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB).

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  • 4.
    Agrell, Wilhelm
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), CATS (Center for Asymmetric Threat Studies).
    Essence of Assessment: Methods and Problems of Intelligence Analysis2012Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In some sense, I have written this book to summarize and clarify problems that I have been working on and researching in different ways since the beginning of the 1970s. However, the main aim, and my aspiration, is obviously for the book to contribute to an increasingly more essential awareness of and discussion on the opportunities and problems of analysis methods. The book is aimed at students and those interested with no previous experience or prior knowledge of intelligence as well as those on the analytical treadmill. At its very best, the methodological discussion has this natural universality. Wilhelm Agrell has a twin academic background in history, and in peace and conflict research. Since 2006 he is the first Professor in Intelligence analysis in Sweden. He has written extensively on military R&D, security policy, regional conflicts and the role and transformation of intelligence. He is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences, and of the advisory board to the Swedish Security Service, and Visiting professor at the Center for Asymmetric Threat Studies at the National Defence College. Sir David Omand is Visiting Professor at King's College, London. He was the first UK Security and Intelligence Coordinator, responsible to the Prime Minister for the professional health of the intelligence community, national counter-terrorism strategy and "homeland security". Sir David served for seven years on the Joint Intelligence Committee. He was Permanent Secretary of the Home Office from 1997 to 2000, and before that Director of GCHQ.

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  • 5.
    Agrell, Wilhelm
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), CATS (Center for Asymmetric Threat Studies).
    The Black Swan and Its Opponents: Early Warning Aspects of the Norway Attacks on 22 July 20112013Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Norway attacks on 22 July 2011 were not only one of the most horrific events in modern Norwegian and Scandinavian history but also a critical situation that tested Norwegian society's crisis management capability over a broad and somewhat unforeseen spectrum. Many of the lessons were more or less obvious, others more diffuse and more difficult to translate into reforms. One such area was the lack of warning, which resulted in Norwegian society's crisis management system having to improvise. Was 22 July 2011 one of a series of major intelligence and warning failures? Or was Anders Behring Breivik, in actual fact, an exponent of fundamentally redrawing the security map, where threats no longer allow themselves to be categorized, mapped, and evaluated, but arise from unforeseen societal and individual processes? In this report by the Swedish National Defence College's Center for Asymmetric Threat Studies (CATS), Wilhelm Agrell examines the warning dimension in the course of events before and during the terror attacks and discusses the overall, universally applicable conclusions that can be drawn from how questions about threat scenarios and warning are handled. The work on this report is part of the Intelligence Studies Project financed by the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency. Wilhelm Agrell is professor of intelligence analysis at Lund University and a visiting professor at the Swedish National Defence College. He has written a number of books on Swedish security policy and intelligence matters, including Essence of Assessment: Methods and Problems of Intelligence Analysis, published by CATS in 2012.

  • 6.
    Ahlgren, Patrik
    et al.
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Strategy Section.
    Carell, Anders
    Cedergren, Anders
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Military Studies, War Studies Division, Sektionen för luftoperationer (KV Luft).
    Gustafsson, Bengt
    Henricsson, Ulf
    Karlson, Gunnar
    Det europeiska småstatsprojektet: Säkerhet och försvar i en ny tid ur ett markstridsperspektiv2008In: Kungl Krigsvetenskapsakademiens Handlingar och Tidskrift, ISSN 0023-5369, no 2, p. 5-12Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 7.
    Ahlgren, Patrik
    et al.
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Strategy Section.
    Carell, Anders
    Cedergren, Anders
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Military Studies, War Studies Division, Sektionen för luftoperationer (KV Luft).
    Karlson, Gunnar
    Henricsson, Ulf
    Magnusson, Gunnar
    Det europeiska småstatsprojektet: Underlag till ett markstridskoncept ”tillsammans med andra”2009In: Kungl Krigsvetenskapsakademiens Handlingar och Tidskrift, ISSN 0023-5369, Vol. 213, no 2, p. 5-29Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 8.
    Ahlgren, Patrik
    et al.
    Försvarsmakten, Sverige.
    Engelbrekt, Kjell
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Political Science Section.
    Wedin, Lars
    Kungl. Krigsvetenskapsakademien (KKrVA), Sverige.
    Jan Mörtberg: en besjälad uppdragstaktiker2016In: Uppdragstaktik på svenska: en vän- och debattbok tillägnad överste Jan Mörtberg / [ed] Patrik Ahlgren, Kjell Engelbrekt, Lars Wedin, Kungl. Krigsvetenskapsakademien och Försvarshögskolan , 2016, p. 141-147Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 9.
    Ahlgren, Patrik
    et al.
    Försvarsmakten, Sverige.
    Engelbrekt, Kjell
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Political Science Section.
    Wedin, Lars
    Kungl. Krigsvetenskapsakademien (KKrVA), Sverige.
    Slutsatser och utblick2016In: Uppdragstaktik på svenska: en vän- och debattbok tillägnad överste Jan Mörtber / [ed] Patrik Ahlgren, Kjell Engelbrekt, Lars Wedin, Stockholm: Kungl. Krigsvetenskapsakademien och Försvarshögskolan , 2016, p. 132-140Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 10.
    Ahlgren, Patrik
    et al.
    Försvarsmakten, Sverige.
    Engelbrekt, KjellSwedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Political Science Section.Wedin, LarsKungl. Krigsvetenskapsakademien (KKrVA), Sverige.
    Uppdragstaktik på svenska: en vän- och debattbok tillägnad överste Jan Mörtberg2016Collection (editor) (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna bok är tillägnad ett begrepp som alla officerare som genomgått utbildning i Sverige känner väl, men trots allt kanske inte alltid fått riktigt grepp om. Uppdragstaktik omnämns i en rad olika sammanhang inom den svenska Försvarsmakten och förväntas vara vägledande för hur militära insatser leds, och samtidigt har sammanhangen inom vilka det begagnas i viktiga avseenden omvandlats genom organisatoriska och teknologiska förändringar. Vad innebär uppdragstaktik idag, givet historiska erfarenheter men också dessa betydelsefulla förändringar samt i relation till relevanta försvars- och säkerhetspolitiska utmaningar?

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  • 11.
    Ahmedi, Idris
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Political Science Section.
    Bremberg, Niklas
    Utrikespolitiska Institutet.
    Teori: varför en eklektisk ansats är att föredra inom samhällsvetenskaplig forskning2016In: Att forska: praktiker och roller inom samhällsvetenskapen / [ed] Linus Hagström, Niklas Bremberg, Arita Holmberg, Stockholm: Carlsson Bokförlag, 2016, p. 119-142Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Ahva, Laura
    et al.
    Univ Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland.
    Hellman, Maria
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Political Science Section.
    Citizen eyewitness images and audience engagement in crisis coverage2015In: International Communication Gazette, ISSN 1748-0485, E-ISSN 1748-0493, Vol. 77, no 7, p. 668-681Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Amateur imagery has become an important component of news coverage of distant crisis events, and it plays a decisive role in shaping how audiences respond to crises. In this article, we discuss how the factors of authenticity, affectivity, and ethics play a role in the ways in which citizen images engage or disengage the distant audience. The article is based on 17 focus group interviews in Sweden and Finland that centred on a selection of visual news coverage of the Arab Spring in Syria and Libya - landmark news events in the use of citizen eyewitness images in the Nordic countries. The results indicate that citizen imagery is indeed a potential tool with strongly engaging characteristics, especially in terms of its authenticity and to some degree also its affectivity. However, disengagement may also result, especially due to the interpreted deficiencies in terms of ethics.

  • 13. Akselsson, Roland
    et al.
    Jacobsson, Anders
    Börjesson, Marcus
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Ek, Åsa
    Enander, Ann
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Efficient and effective learning for safety from incidents2012In: Work: A journal of Prevention, Assessment and rehabilitation, ISSN 1051-9815, E-ISSN 1875-9270, Vol. 41, p. 3216-3222Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Learning from incidents is important for improving safety. Many companies spend a great deal of time and money on such learning procedures. The objectives of this paper are to present some early results from a project aimed at revealing weaknesses in the procedures for learning from incidents and to discuss improvements in these procedures, especially in chemical process industries. The empirical base comes from a project assessing organizational learning and the effectiveness of the different steps of the learning cycle for safety and studying relations between safety-specific transformational leadership, safety climate, trust, safety-related behavior and learning from incidents. The results point at common weaknesses in the organizational learning, both in the horizontal learning (geographical spread) and in vertical learning (double-loop learning). Furthermore, the effectiveness in the different steps of the learning cycle is low due to insufficient information in incident reports, very shallow analyses of reports, decisions that focus at solving the problem only at the place where the incident took place, late implementations and weak solutions. Strong correlations with learning from incidents were found for all safety climate variables as well as for safety-related behaviors and trust. The relationships were very strong for trust, safety knowledge, safety participation and safety compliance.

  • 14.
    Albrecht, Frederike
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Political Science Section, Sektionen för krishantering och internationell samverkan.
    Karlsson, Christer
    Uppsala University (SWE).
    Persson, Thomas
    Uppsala University (SWE).
    Patterns of Parliamentary Opposition: Empirical Evidence from the Deliberations in the German Bundestag’s Committee on European Union Affairs.2021In: Parliamentary Affairs, ISSN 0031-2290, E-ISSN 1460-2482, Vol. 74, no 1, p. 230-251Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article examines patterns of oppositional behaviour in the GermanBundestag’s Committee on European Union Affairs (EAC) for two separate legislative periods (2005–2009 and 2009–2013). The study makes two contributionsto previous research. It, first, shed some much-needed empirical light on politicalopposition in the Bundestag by examining how much and what kind of opposition exists in the German EAC. Secondly, the article examines the differences inoppositional behaviour of the Members of Parliament between the two legislative periods following an institutional reform in 2009 that afforded theBundestag with increased opportunity structures in Europen Union affairs.

  • 15.
    Albrecht, Frederike
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Political Science Section, Sektionen för krishantering och internationell samverkan.
    Parker, Charles F.
    Department of Government, Uppsala University (SWE).
    Healing the Ozone Layer: The Montreal Protocol and the Lessons and Limits of a Global Governance Success Story2019In: Great policy successes: or, A tale about why it's amazing that governments get so little credit for their many everday and extraordinary achievements as told by sympathetic observers who seek to create space for a less relentlessly negative view of our pivotal public institutions / [ed] Mallory E. Compton, Paul 't Hart, Oxford University Press, 2019, p. 304-319Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Montreal Protocol - the regime designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer - has widely been hailed as the gold standard of global environmental governance and is one of few examples of international institutional cooperative arrangements successfully solving complex transnational problems. Although the stratospheric ozone layer still bears the impacts of ozone depleting substances (ODSs), the problem of ozone depletion is well on its way to being solved due to the protocol. This chapter examines how the protocol was designed and implemented in a way that has allowed it to successfully overcome a number of thorny challenges that most international environmental regimes must face: how to attract sufficient participation, how to promote compliance and manage non-compliance, how to strengthen commitments over time, how to neutralize or co-opt potential ‘veto players’, how to make the costs of implementation affordable, how to leverage public opinion in support of the regime’s goals, and, ultimately, how to promote the behavioural and policy changes needed to solve the problems and achieve the goals the regime was designed to solve. The chapter concludes that while some of the reasons for the Montreal Protocol’s success, such as fairly affordable, available substitutes for ODSs, are not easy to replicate, there are many other elements of this story that can be utilized when thinking about how to design solutions to other transnational environmental problems.

  • 16.
    Alonso, Rogelio
    et al.
    Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain .
    Björgo, Tore
    Norwegian Police University College (PHS) and Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), Norway.
    Della Porta, Donatella
    European University Institute, Italy .
    Coolsaet, Rik
    Ghent University, Belgium.
    Khosrokhavar, Farhad
    Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHSS), France.
    Lohlker, Rüdiger
    Department for Near Eastern Studies, University of Vienna, Austria .
    Ranstorp, Magnus
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), CATS (Center for Asymmetric Threat Studies).
    Reinares, Fernando
    Real Instituto Elcano and Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain.
    Schmid, Alex P.
    Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence University of St Andrews, UK.
    Silke, Andrew
    University of East London, UK .
    Taarnby, Michael
    Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS), Denmark .
    De Vries, Gijs
    Netherlands Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael', Netherlands .
    Radicalisation Processes Leading to Acts of Terrorism: A concise Report prepared by the European Commission's Expert Group on Violent Radicalisation2008Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 17.
    Alvinius, Aida
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    A Gender Perspective on Teachers as Crisis Managers2019In: NORA: Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, ISSN 0803-8740, E-ISSN 1502-394X, Vol. 27, no 2, p. 5-138Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Stressful conditions affect communities at different levels and may involve occupational groups not normally associated with issues of crisis and security. Teachers in the compulsory school system are members of such a group. The purpose of this study is to examine teachers’ view of their own role as crisis management actors in a female-dominated occupation. A Grounded Theory approach applying a gender perspective was used as an analytical tool for data processing. In total, 16 informants from four different schools in two different municipalities in Sweden were interviewed. The analysis of these interviews shows that teachers’ perceptions of risk, crisis, and security are influenced and characterized by social and emotional regulation aimed at (a) reducing vulnerability, (b) increasing the sense of security, and (c) regaining or restoring a sense of order and control. These strategies have been discussed froma gender perspective as teachers do not regard themselves as legitimate crisis management actors.

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  • 18.
    Alvinius, Aida
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Boundary Spanners adapting organizations to demanding conditions2015Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 19.
    Alvinius, Aida
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Bridging Boundaries in the Borderland of Bureaucracies: Individual Impact on Organisational Adaption to Demanding Situations in Civil and Military Contexts2013Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this thesis is to reach a deeper understanding of how boundaryspanners are bridging boundaries between uniformed bureaucraticorganisations and their environment, characterised by demanding conditions.The main part of this thesis is based upon empirical data gathered through 71interviews with Swedish civil and military informants from several uniformedorganisations. Four articles have been included in this thesis in order to addressthe overarching aim.

    The results show that boundary spanners are crucial to the adaption ofuniformed organisations to demanding conditions. A number of aspects thatare included in the process of organisational adaption have been identified. Oneof the tasks is to balance between structuring and improvisation where much isat stake. The other task is to create confidence among the involved actors andcontribute in different ways to create a sense of symmetry between partners.Finally, the third task for boundary spanners is to recognise improvised rolessuch as spontaneous links in order to maintain stressful conditions and bridge agap in the bureaucratic organisation.

    The present thesis contributes to sociological theory of emotions, disastermanagement and military studies through a common denominator, namely thedemanding context. Taken together, the findings increase awareness of howorganisations act towards their environments and how individuals, especiallyboundary spanners, adapt the organisation to its environment. For leaders andmanagers, it is important to make decisions, provide mandates andauthorisation, as well as invest confidence in boundary spanners. Thehierarchical chain may remain in existence, but it can be made shorter and moretransparent through this kind of knowledge.

  • 20.
    Alvinius, Aida
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Contemporary leadership challenges2017Collection (editor) (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Social and behavioral science has for decades studied and recognized leadership as a social exchange between leaders and followers. But leadership is rather complex, and as such, it tends to lead to an increased interest within and across different disciplines. This book is an attempt to provide theoretical and empirical framework to better understand leadership challenges in various contexts. The authors cover an array of themes that span from an individual level to an organizational and societal level. In this volume, two sections are presented. The first section based on individual level focuses on different leadership styles and abilities, and the other section provides theories to understand leadership in public administration, in industrial settings and in nonprofit organizations.

  • 21.
    Alvinius, Aida
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Emotions- och salutogenesstrategier och resurser hos resilienta barn: En förutsättning för ledarskapsförmåga. En kvalitativt grundad teori av två skönlitterära böcker av Marléne Lund Kopparklint2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 22.
    Alvinius, Aida
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Gender differences in different contexts2017Collection (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The development of gender differences as an area of research has been rapid over the last decades. Varieties of studies have focused on the gender differences as well as the similarities of women and men. The common purpose of the research attempt is to find out the possibilities and even the consequences of gender differences and the impact on human beings on one side, and social and cultural environment on the other. This book is an attempt to provide theoretical and empirical framework to better understand gender differences in various contexts and on different levels. Therefore, the contributions cover an array of themes that span from an individual level to an organizational and societal level.

  • 23.
    Alvinius, Aida
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Leadership Division, Karlstad.
    Gender, risk och kris2020In: Sociologisk forskning, ISSN 0038-0342, E-ISSN 2002-066X, Vol. 57, no 2, p. 217-219Article, book review (Other academic)
  • 24.
    Alvinius, Aida
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    The Inadequacy of Bureaucratic Organizations: Organizational Adaptation through Boundary Spanning in a Civil-Military Context2012In: Res Militaris, ISSN 2265-6294, Vol. 3, no 1, p. 1-23Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 25.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Danielsson, Erna
    Kylin, Camilla
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Händelsen är i betraktarens ögon: En studie av lägesbilder och situationsförståelse under extra ordinär händelser2007Report (Other academic)
  • 26.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Danielsson, Erna
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Organisational and Individual Leadership Challenges During the Rescue Operation Following the 2004 Tsunami2012In: Tsunami - Analysis of a hazard: from physical interpretation to human impact / [ed] Gloria. I. Lopez, INTECH, 2012Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Download full text (pdf)
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  • 27.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Leadership Division, Karlstad.
    Deverell, Edward
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Political Science Section, Sektionen för krishantering och internationell samverkan.
    Hede, Susanne
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Leadership Division, Karlstad.
    A Gender Perspective on Temporary Organisations in Crisis Management2020In: NORA: Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, ISSN 0803-8740, E-ISSN 1502-394X, Vol. 28, no 4, p. 273-286Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to examine, explain and interpret concepts of gender in relation to information management, crisis communication and collaboration within the framework of (crisis) communicator tasks. Since the crisis management realm is malecoded and the communications profession is female-coded, there is reason to gain more knowledge of how these relate to each other. The ambition is to contribute to an underdeveloped area of theory. A total of nineteen participants joined the study. All the interviews were processed according to the guidelines for the thematic analysis method. Analysis showed that three themes are central to understanding the role of communicators in the crisis management system. These are a) crisis communication as a temporary organization; b) requirements imposed on, and expectations from, the role and the individual and c) organizational greed. Results are discussed theoretically from a gender perspective, and practical implications are given as well as proposals for further studies. 

  • 28.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Leadership Division, Karlstad.
    Deverell, Edward
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Political Science Section, Sektionen för krishantering och internationell samverkan.
    Hede, Susanne
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Leadership Division, Karlstad.
    Militarisation, masculinisation and organisational exclusion in the crisis preparedness sector2021In: Journal of Risk Research, ISSN 1366-9877, E-ISSN 1466-4461, p. 1-14Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to deepen the understanding of processes that affect collaboration between professions and organisations in the crisis preparedness domain from a gender perspective. A total of twenty-three Swedish duty officers participated in the study. The analysis of the interviews show that collaboration can be understood as (a) the militarisation of civil crisis management actors, which means that many of the work processes and cultures that originate in military organisations can now be found in the security and crisis management sector; (b) the masculinisation, which means that when male dominance appears to prevail, active strategies are used against women, civilian personnel and also inexperienced colleagues and (c) organisational exclusion which emerges particularly in situations where collaboration between female-dominated and male-dominated organisations are required. The findings are important for crisis preparedness research and practice and should work in favour of evening out asymmetries in collaborative crisis management.

  • 29.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Elfgren Boström, Malin
    Karlstad Univ, Dept Psychol & Social Studies, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Leaders as emotional managers: Emotion management in response organisations during a hostage taking in a Swedish prison2015In: Leadership & Organization Development Journal, ISSN 0143-7739, E-ISSN 1472-5347, Vol. 36, no 6, p. 697-711Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to develop a deeper understanding of how leaders manage their own and others' emotions in professional crisis management organizations during severely demanding episodes. The empirical case is a hostage drama that occurred in a small Swedish town. Although staff at the local prison were situationally prepared and trained in incident exercises, two inmates with knives fled the prison after taking a warden hostage.

    Design/methodology/approach - A grounded theory approach was used. In all, 14 informants from four Swedish authorities were interviewed on the basis of their involvement in the hostage drama.

    Findings - According to the analysis, an emergency response leader's emotion management is framed by an organizationally embedded emotional regime which is summed up in two core themes: focus on the task and do not let emotions interfere; and provide the task force with maximum physical and psychological security. The leader's emotion management within this framework consists of two interdependent processes, one more organization oriented and one more individual oriented.

    Research limitations/implications - Small sample, lack of representativeness, and lack of illumination of possible gender-related aspects.

    Practical implications - The suggested model may be valuable in educational settings.

    Originality/value - A new integrative, theoretical process model of leadership and emotion management in complex, stressful operations.

  • 30.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Fors, Maria
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Hyllengren, Peder
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Kylin, Camilla
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Irreguljära hot: Krav på militärt ledarskap2008Report (Other academic)
  • 31.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL).
    Hede, Susanne
    Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB), (SWE).
    Helenius, Johan
    Swedish Defence University, Institutionen för ledarskap och ledning, Leadership and Command & Control Division Stockholm.
    Ledarskapets kontext: en lärobok för militärer och krishanteringsaktörer2022Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    En ledares förmåga att leda påverkas i stor utsträckning av yttre omständigheter. Trots detta finns få böcker som denna som behandlar ledarskap, organisationsutveckling och medarbetarskap utifrån kontextfaktorer. I särskilt fokus är organisationer som arbetar i påfrestande kontexter. Författarna beskriver hur ledarskapet påverkas av exempelvis samhällsförändringar och yttre kriser såväl som av organisatoriska problem och andra typer av faktorer som omger ledaren.

    När en kris inträffar ska en organisation kunna agera snabbt. Som ledare kan det finnas många mål och perspektiv att ta i beaktande, samtidigt som beslut måste fattas – ofta under tidspress och med bristande beslutsunderlag. I boken beskrivs ledarskapsutmaningar som uppstår till följd av kontextfaktorer i kombination med krissituationers ovisshet och oförutsägbarhet. Författarna presenterar också ett antal verktyg som stöd för analys och agerande i olika situationer.

    Ledarskapets kontext vänder sig till personer som studerar ämnen relaterade till krig, kris och säkerhet, men även till yrkesverksamma i insatsorganisationer som vill fördjupa sig i faktorer som påverkar ledarens förmåga att verka under svåra och ibland farliga betingelser.

  • 32.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Hoke Åberg, Pernilla
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Johansson, Eva
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Sweden - Mission Command and Social Media: Old Leadership Philosophy Challenged by New Information Technology?2017In: Technology and Leadership: International Perspectives / [ed] Daniel J. Watola & Allister MacIntyre, Kingston, Ontario: Canadian Defence Academy Press , 2017, 1, p. 203-216Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 33.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Leadership Division, Karlstad.
    Holmberg, Arita
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Political Science Section, Sektionen för säkerhetespolitik och strategi.
    Blaming and shaming in the shadow structure: individual resistance towards genderequality work as expressions of social conflict2023In: Feminist Media Studies, ISSN 1468-0777, E-ISSN 1471-5902, Vol. 23, no 1, p. 83-100Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article explores individual resistance related to a military organization’s gender equality work as expressed in online contexts. Resistance is explained as expressions of wider social conflicts, grounded in experiences of threats towards military masculinities, challenged by societal and political transformation processes perceived as feminine. The data consists of defence-related blogs and comments. A thematic analysis finds that individual resistance can be understood as blaming and shaming strategies. Five sub-themes are identified: blaming the “feminised” organization, blaming and shaming women’s abilities to serve, individualisation of structural problems, verbal violence and violations, and objectification of men working with and supporting gender equality initiatives. The analysis exemplifies how social conflict is transferred to organizations through individual resistance. As gender equality policies are questioned, organizations need to confront resistance also within the online context.

  • 34.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Holmberg, Arita
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Political Science Section, Sektionen för säkerhet.
    Silence-breaking butterfly effect: Resistance Towards the Military Within #MeToo2019In: Gender, Work and Organization, ISSN 0968-6673, E-ISSN 1468-0432, Vol. 26, no 9, p. 1255-1270Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Systemic violence against women in the military has existed for decades, but they have mostly refrained from public resistance. However, in the context of the #Metoo‐movement in Sweden, 1768 women published a call for an end to violence and sexual harassment in the military. We analyze this call as a public resistance effort against the military and find that #Metoo is: 1) challenging the norms of the hyper‐masculine military organization, making resistance towards it visible, and 2) resisting the practices of sexual harassment and lack of responsibility in the military organization. The military organization is questioned when it comes to norms and practices, but there are variations in whether the social order of the military is truly challenged. Still, the call highlights the fragmentation of this “last bastion of masculinity”. More research is needed on the erosion of the militarized norms and practices and the effects of the call.

  • 35.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Holmberg, Arita
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Political Science Section, Sektionen för säkerhetspolitik och strategi.
    Hobbins, Jennifer
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Nya perspektiv på lärarnas arbetsmiljöproblematik: läraren som säkerhets- och krishanteringsaktör2018In: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift, ISSN 0037-833X, Vol. 95, no 4, p. 399-406Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article problematizes the relationship between teachers as an occupational group and the security- and crisis management field, and argue that this relationship can be expected to influence the former’s working environment. Drawing on a literature study, the analysis finds two major potential challenges: a) work environment problems related to the new teacher’s role and b) gender aspects highlighted through this connection. This occupational group may be faced with new tasks that have traditionally been managed by rescue services or police. In this context notions of gender are actualized. Female dominated occupational groups risk being subordinated. Municipal resource allocation processes has so far excluded teachers in relation to security and crisis-management tasks, which can increase problems in relation to work environment.

    Download full text (pdf)
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  • 36.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Holmberg, Arita
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Political Science Section, Sektionen för säkerhet.
    Johansson, Eva
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Do military leaders resist organizational challenges?2019In: Journal of Resistance Studies, ISSN 2001-9947, Vol. 5, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Armed forces in many Western countries have been facing societal change processes for more than twenty years; including value changes, government savings and, more recently, by the unstable security environment. The starting point here is that there is a relationship between processes of societal change and organizational challenges. The purpose of this study is to examine how military leaders manage and respond to different kinds of organizational challenges, focusing on resistance. The empirical material was collected using a grounded theory approach. Informants possessing wide experience of leadership participated in this study. The qualitative analysis describes the coping strategies, acceptance and resistance found among military leaders when dealing with organizational demands. Challenges caused by societal changes are experienced as negative aspects of organizational structure. This may be an explanation for why military leaders cope with them applying both resistance and acceptance. However, our main conclusion is that resistance to change stays within a culture of obedience.

  • 37.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Holmberg, Arita
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Political Science Section, Sektionen för säkerhetspolitik och strategi.
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Leading a Military Organization Effectively in a State of Post-Scarcity2018In: From Knowing to Doing: International Perspectives on Leading Effectively / [ed] Daniel J. Watola & Allister MacIntyre, Kingston, Ontario: Canadian Defence Academy Press , 2018, p. 105-128Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 38.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Johansson, Eva
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum. Hedmark University College, Elverum, Norway.
    Job satisfaction as a form of organizational commitment at the military strategic level: A grounded theory study2017In: International Journal of Organizational Analysis, ISSN 1934-8835, E-ISSN 1758-8561, Vol. 25, no 2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    It has been claimed that job satisfaction is the most important and frequently studied attitude in organizational behaviour research. However, as most studies relate to lower hierarchical levels, the purpose of the present study was to gain a deeper understanding of job satisfaction and organizational commitment among high-level managers, military leaders in this case.

    Design/methodology/approach

    A grounded theory approach was used. The empirical material is based on 12 interviews, two of which were with women. The informants had wide experience of a number of leadership positions as well as participation in international operations. Their ranks ranged from Colonel to Brigadier General and they represented army and naval units, the Armed Forces Headquarters and Swedish Defence University.

    Findings

    The qualitative analysis resulted in a theoretical model that describes the job satisfaction of military leaders at the strategic level, which concerns establishing and balancing organizational commitment. This means that top level managers develop, manage and recreate a “sense of oneness” between themselves and the organization – a strong identification that is established, challenged, changed, and renegotiated in a continuous process. Establishing and balancing organizational commitment is built on two overarching categories: keeping up the organizational image and responding to organizational greediness.

    Research limitations/implications

    Small sample, lack of representativeness, and lack of elaboration on possible gender-related aspects.

    Practical implications

    The suggested model may be valuable in educational settings when evaluating the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of high-level officers. The model may have practical implications when it comes to selection, retention and leader development of high-level military officers.

    Originality/value

    A new integrative, theoretical model of job satisfaction and organizational commitment of high-level officers is developed and discussed.

  • 39.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Johansson, Eva
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Negative organizations: antecedents of negative leadership2016In: Negative leadership: International perspecetives / [ed] Daniel Watola & Dave Woycheshin, Kingston, Kanada: Canadian Defence Academy Press , 2016, p. 57-74Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Johansson, Eva
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Olstedt, Ewa
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Political Science Section.
    Organizational Challenges in Hybrid Learning Environments: A Case Study of the Learning Environment at the Swedish Defence University - The Grey Area between Theory and Practice2016In: Res Militaris, E-ISSN 2265-6294, ISSN 2265-6294, Vol. 6, no 2Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 41.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Jonsson, Emma
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Wallenius, Claes
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Avgångar från Grundläggande Militär Utbildning (GMU): Intervjustudie med rekryter som avbrutit utbildningen i förtid2012Report (Other academic)
    Download (jpg)
    presentationsbild
  • 42.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Krekula, Clary
    Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum. Faculty of Public Health, Hedmark University College, Elverum, Norway.
    Managing visibility and differentiating in recruitment of women as leaders in the armed forces2018In: Journal of Gender Studies, ISSN 0958-9236, E-ISSN 1465-3869, Vol. 27, no 5, p. 534-546Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recruitment is one of the Swedish Armed Forces’ (SAF) main challenges today. Recruiting more women into the organization is one of the organization’s aims, as well as providing them with more opportunities for career development. The purpose of this article is to gain a deeper understanding of how female military officers perceive barriers and advantages on their way to higher leadership positions. A total of 10 women from a variety of backgrounds and positions in the armed forces were interviewed. Their ranks ranged from Captain to Colonel and they represented army, naval units and air force. The interviews were analysed using a Grounded Theory approach. The qualitative analysis resulted in two main themes: Supporting visibility of women as leaders and differentiation of women as leaders. The former concerns positive strategies on an individual and organizational level that support an increase in the number of female leaders in the SAF, and is a way of responding to political incitements and the SAF’s fundamental values. The second concerns ways how women are portrayed as different and divergent from the male standard. The suggested model may be valuable in recruitment, educational settings and leader development of high-level military officers from a gender perspective.

  • 43.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Kylin, Camilla
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Samverkansuppgifter vid internationella militära insatser: En enkätstudie2009Report (Other academic)
  • 44.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Kylin, Camilla
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Standing on both sides: The process of collaboration (liaison in civil-military contexts)2009Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 45.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Kylin, Camilla
    Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Sweden.
    Starrin, Bengt
    Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Sweden.
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Emotional smoothness and confidence building: boundary spanners in a civil-military collaboration context2014In: International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, ISSN 1740-8938, E-ISSN 1740-8946, Vol. 6, no 3, p. 223-239Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study illuminates a deeper understanding of the processes of confidence building and emotion management among boundary spanners from organisations with a bureaucratic structure in a multinational civil-military operational context. Twenty-one informants (mainly military officers) were interviewed. They had a variety of experiences and occupational roles in civil-military collaboration contexts. A grounded theory analysis of interview data yielded a model according to which the most central aspects of civil-military collaboration are confidence building, maintaining existing confidence, avoiding distrust and rebuilding damaged confidence. The study shows that boundary spanners strategically utilise a variety of emotion management strategies in order to fulfil the demands laid upon them by their collaborating counterparts in the hostile environment and by their own organisation. Three interrelated dimensions of smoothness were identified: cultural, structural and smoothness in risky situations. By acting ‘smoothly’, an adaption to the dynamic environment can be achieved. The proposed model is compared to existing writings on emotional labour and self-presentation.

  • 46.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Kylin, Camilla
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Starrin, Bengt
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Rules of Emotional Engagement: Emotional smoothness and confidence building2012Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 47.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Nilsson, Sofia
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Wallenius, Claes
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Lone Swede in an international military staff context: a qualitative interview study2018In: FLEKS - Scandinavian Journal of Intercultural Theory and Practice, E-ISSN 1894-5988, Vol. 5, no 2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the experience of Swedish officers when serving as the only Swedes in a multinational staff context. The methodological approach was qualitative and inductive according to the Grounded Theory method, and the empirical material is based on twenty completed interviews. The informants possessed a wide range of experience in a number of leadership positions as well as extensive participation in international operations.The building of contextual self-esteem is the central theme that emerged inthe data analysis that may improve our understanding of officers serving as the only Swedes on an international staff. Contextual self-esteem and its structure can be understood through the following four processes: interpretation, adaptation, influence, and withdrawal. These occur to a greater or lesser extent depending upon both the individual and the context. Contextual self-esteem increases over time as experience of international operations expands. The longer the duration of a mission, the greater the influence becomes in contrast to adaptation, although all the processes are significant.The findings may be valuable in educational settings regarding challenges faced while serving alone during international military missions in multinational contexts.

  • 48.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Ohlsson, Alicia
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Johansson, Eva
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Höga chefers arbetstillfredsställelse: sammanfattning av en intervjustudie2016Report (Other academic)
  • 49.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Ohlsson, Alicia
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Chefens roll i ledningsprocessen: Balansgång mellan informella och formella processer vid stabsarbete - fallstudie vid Marintaktiska staben (MTS)2014Report (Other academic)
  • 50.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Ohlsson, Alicia
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Larsson, Gerry
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Ledarskapscentrum.
    Negativa organisatoriska processer och chefers formella och informella hanteringsstrategier2016Report (Other academic)
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