1952 inrättades fallskärmsjägarskolan i Karlsborg. Förbandet var tänkt att lösa jägaruppgifter långt bakom fiendens linjer. Uppsatsen behandlar hur förbandet fallskärmsjägarna förhöll sig till de grundläggande förmågorna, dels under potentiella operationer men även under utbildningen av soldater. Uppsatsen behandlar även huruvida och på vilket sätt fallskärmsjägarna förstärkte de grundläggande förmågorna hos försvaret som helhet.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att utifrån reglementen och anvisningar analysera de grundläggande förmågorna hos svenska fallskärmsjägarförband, både utbildningsmässigt och skarpt.

Genom doktrinen med de grundläggande förmågorna har reglementen och anvisningar analyserats kvalitativt.

Resultaten av uppsatsen visar att samtliga förmågor fanns representerade hos förbandet både under utbildning och under genomförande av företag. Förbandet förhåller sig till förmågorna på ett medvetet sätt som kan utläsas av utbildningen mot tänkta uppgifter. 

Resultatet visar även att förbandet har möjlighet att främst genom sin förmåga till att ge underrättelse förstärka de grundläggande förmågorna hos Försvarsmakten som helhet.

Ledarskap och kultur är något som en chef under en förändring måste förstå och kunna arbeta med. Frågan är hur Försvarsmaktens modell utvecklande ledarskap kan användas under ett förändringsarbete? Slutsatser kan dras att det utvecklande ledarskapet som i stort grundar sig i medmänsklighet fungerar ypperligt att använda under en organisationsförändring.

Försvarsmaktens organisationskultur är präglad av en lång historia och en stolthet hos personalen att arbeta inom organisationen. Hur denna kultur påverkas av en förändring är svårt att säga. Konklusionen av uppsatsen är att hela Försvarsmaktens kultur ej förändras, men kulturen kopplat till förändring blir negativt påverkad. Detta beroende på historiska aspekter av tidigare förändringar. 

This work analyzed the German blitzkrieg in World War II to produce fourcomparison dimensions that can be said is the essence of blitzkrieg. Thesecomparative dimensions are then used in case studies to highlight the process ofblitzkrieg. I make two case studies in my work in Israel and the U.S. war in the SixDay War of 1967 and the Iraq war 2003.In World War II the Germans achieved great success in the beginning of the warbecause they used the blitzkrieg. After World War II, one can wonder whetherblitzkrieg is still feasible and the necessary conditions for this. The purpose of mystudy is to examine the key components of blitzkrieg after World War II.The method I am using in my work is qualitative text analysis, based on previousresearch on lightning war. In the analysis section, I make a comparative analysis ofmy two case studies.

Militære operasjoner er i vedvarende endring, hvor en sentral utviklingstrend er bruk av tekniske hjelpemiddel. Dette har medført nye og mer effektive samhandlingsmåter og en påfølgende økning i innslag av fellesoperasjoner. Oppgaven handler om hvordan denne utviklingstrenden påvirker den operasjonelle ildstøttens bidrag til at landmakten kjerneoppdrag – å finne, binde og ramme motstan- deren. Dette tilnærmes gjennom å undersøke hvordan innføringen av digital kommunikasjon påvir- ker det operasjonelle ildstøttesystemets potensial for å skape effekt i det militære spillerom.

Oppgavens undersøkelse viser at digital kommunikasjon gir ytelsesforbedring gjennom kompresjon av tid, hvilket i tur muliggjør situasjonsspesifikk styrkemultiplikasjon gjennom ekspansjon av rom. Samtidig indikeres det at situasjonsspesifikke kombinasjoner operasjonell ildstøtte har potensial for 3x ytelsesbedring og opp til 9x styrkemultiplikasjon, hvilket betyr at man kan bruke mindre ressurser for å oppnå samme effekt eller de samme ressurser for å oppnå en større effekt! Realisering av potensialet for styrkemultiplikasjon setter økte krav til den metodiske målbekjempningsprosessen og da spesielt kunnskap om egne muligheter og begrensninger. Dette handler om operasjonskunst og peker på viktigheten av systemkompetanse i planlegging og utførelse av operasjoner.

Innføring av digital kommunikasjon må ses i sammenheng med hvordan pågående utviklingstrend skyver på det operasjonelle ildstøttesystemets sosio-tekniske balanse. Forståelse av fenomenet blir derfor viktig for videre funksjon- og kapabilitetsutvikling.

In a world where multinational cooperation and cross-cultural challenges are part of daily life, understanding cultures has become increasingly important. That people and organizations develop together might seem obvious, but that culture can be studied to understand the structure and approach of organizations, is perhaps less so.

In this paper, a major structural difference in the armed forces of Germany and Sweden is examined; having to sign a contract to serve for 13 years or not having to sign a contract with service length restrictions. Hofstede's theory Dimensions of National Culture is applied to the case to see whether the cadets' motivation and behavior is affected by this major difference in the two otherwise very similar organizations. The study aims also to explore whether the findings can be considered correct given that semi-structured interviews were conducted to see if the thoughts of the cadets are in line with what the theory claims.

The conclusion is that the theory can be used to understand how cadets' motivation and behavior supports the structural organizations present in Germany and Sweden. However, the interviews show that the theory is very generalizing and that not all cadets' thoughts are consistent with what the theory states in every case.

The Hamas administration in the Gaza Strip first set out to crush the area’s Salafi jihadist groups by force. Once Hamas realized that the Salafi jihadi problem was more serious than it had first anticipated, however, Hamas’s approach shifted gradually, from a strategy of attempted elimination to one of containment and assimilation. Indeed, several of the pursued militants proved to be former colleagues from the Qassam Brigades who had grown disillusioned with Hamas and defected to fringe groups. This article examines how Hamas, as part of a new and progressive approach, aimed to rehabilitate these individuals by enrolling them in a prison-based deradicalization program that sought to appeal to a common ideological and religious base in Islam, treating Salafi jihadists as patients rather than as common criminals.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att jag skall efterforska, och redovisa de bakomliggande orsaker som kan ligga i grunden till svaret, varför Gustav II Adolf genomförde de stora förändringarna inom Sveriges krigsmakt. Författarens frågeställning inför arbetet på denna uppsatsen var som följande:

• Vad och vilka kan ha utgjort en bakomliggande kraft till att Gustav II Adolf genomförde så stora förändringar inom den Svenska krigsmakten?

The Vietnam War has generated a vast literature but one which has often forgotten that the United States fought in Vietnam as part of a coalition. This article examines Washington's efforts under President Lyndon B. Johnson to recruit third country combat assistance. He and his colleagues sought military help less for practical reasons than for political ones as a way of legitimizing the war both domestically and abroad. However, no NATO countries were willing to participate, and some of the five troop-contributing countries (Australia, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, and Thailand) were attracted probably more by American largesse than by idealism. In exploring the diplomacy of coalition-building, this article has a contemporary resonance in the light of the military campaigns initiated by the White House since 2003.

The research regarding the six day war and the aerial operations named Operation Moked is extensive but there are certain shortcomings in the research that examines both the operation and the principle of surprise.

The aim of this paper is to contribute to this research by utilising existing military theories on the principle of surprise in order to identify indicators that are representative of surprise.  These indicators are thereafter used in a study of Operation Moked in order to examine the extent of in which the principle was utilised.

The result of this research goes to show that the principle of surprise was utilised in great extent by Israel during Operation Moked.

The purpose of this thesis is to disclose the extension of Maneuver Warfare in the strategies that were practiced by Israel during Operation Gazelle. This was analyzed through a qualitative text analysis of scientific papers, books and maps. This study points out that the Israeli army applied the theories during the operation, but lacked the use of combined arms of air support for the ground units.

Förord - Fredrik Eriksson

Det militärhistoriska 2012 - Per Iko

Militärhistoriens roll i USA - intryck från en vistelse vid Ohio State University - Gunnar Åselius

Artiklar och uppsatser

• Magnus Stenbock - myten, bilderna och mannen - Björn Asker
• Krigets historiografiska funktion - framställningar av krig i svensk historieskrivning 1747-1857 - Hampus Östh Gustafsson
• Historia som värdegemenskap - finsk, estnisk och svensk historia i polska ögon under mellankrigstiden - Piotr Wawrzeniuk
• Rapport från det militära samarbetets vardag - finska militärattacheers syn på Sverige och svensk-finsk militär samverkan, 1924-1939 - Anders Ahlbäck
• Med staten som husvärd - en undersökning av officerarnas inkvartering inom indelningsverket 1776-1807 - Christopher Arunasalam
• Lokalsamhället som resurs och som objekt för skador under Napoleonkrigen - följderna av den ryska armens logistiska lösningar i Vasa län under finska kriget 1808-1809 - ]ussi Jääskeläinen
• Disciplinering av indelta och värvade kavallerister under 1800- och 1900-talen - ett civilisationsfenomen? - Börje Ekenvall

Recensioner

• Myten om äran och eliten - erfarenheter från andra världskriget - anmälan av Dan Öberg
• Norska specialförband - från Milorg till Afghanistan - anmälan av Lars Ericsson Wolke
• Moral och småstatsperspektiv - anmälan av Henrik Edgren
• Andra världskriget än en gång - anmälan av Lars Ericsson Wolke
• Bland gravstenar, skelett och minnen - anmälan av Lars Ericsson Wolke
• Historien och de stora männen - anmälan av Fredrik Eriksson
• Kalla kriget lokalt - anmälan av Sten Munck af Rosenschöld
• Kustförsvar i norr - anmälan av Sten Munck af Rosenschöld
• Totalförsvaret i Skåne beskrivet i detalj - anmälan av Sten Munck af Rosenschöld
• Vardagsspråkets krigiska natur? - anmälan av Thomas Roth
• Två journalister i Afghanistan - anmälan av Mikael Wendt
• "Den här gången kommer allt att bli annorlunda" - Afghanistan 1979-89 - anmälan av Fredrik Thisner
• Grannar på gränsen till sammanbrott - slaget vid Adrianopel år 378 - anmälan av Fredrik Thisner
• Från mellanblå via fältgrå till kamouflage modell 90 - anmälan av Dag Eckerberg
• Svensk general i amerikanska inbördeskriget - anmälan av Jimmy Engren
• Tankeväckande om diktaturernas minsta byggstenar - anmälan av Lars Ericsson Wolke
• En fruktansvärd och läsvärd skildring - anmälan av Fredrik Eriksson
• Om kvinnornas inträde i militär verksamhet - anmälan av Esbjörn Larsson
• På spaning efter ett kustartilleri som försvunnit - anmälan av Sten Munck af Rosenschöld
• Samband, samband, samband! - anmälan av Sten Munck af Rosenschöld
• Beordrad ellerfrivillig? - anmälan av Thomas Roth
• Nordamerikanska indianers krig - anmälan av Lars Rössle

The aim of this essay has been to analyze two advertising campaigns made by the Swedish Armed Forces (Svenska Försvarsmakten) with the help of discourse analysis, focusing on the pictures involved and the dialectics between pictures and texts. The first one can be called “Someone will solve the problems” and the other one “What are you doing?”

Questions involved are

• What kind of discourse lies behind these campaigns?
• What are the differences between the two campaigns?

The main discourse can be described through the new security doctrine for the Swedish Armed Forces where they no longer focus on total war but a more complex and at the same time more unpredictable threatening global environment, due to unstable countries all over the world, terrorism and nature catastrophes, often dependent on global warming. Thus this is the present task for the Swedish Armed Forces.

The two campaigns differ in the way that “Someone will solve it” focuses on the tasks for the modern defense and the other one, “What are you doing?” points out the defense as offering a meaningful future.

In 1863 the Swedish government issued a regulation on mandatory military training for male pupils in elementary and secondary schools and elementary schoolteachers training colleges, although such training had existed earlier - starting in Linköping 1834.

InStockholma fumbling start of this military training began 1865. To get a more conform and well structured military training the Association for Promoting Military training of Schoolboys (APMS) was founded in early 1868, focusing on pupils in the elementary schools.

APMS, as a good lobby organisation, succeeded well with its efforts to get a good military training developed and successively expanded it to include even Stockholms secondary schools. One important explanation to APMS´s success was the nationalistic and patriotic spirit of the society at that time – the second half of the 19^th century. Another explanation is the enthusiastic and prominent citizens ofStockholm that formed the board of APMS.

Initially the military training was infantry movements, military drill and rifle shooting. Gradually the military training concentrated to rifle shooting including shooting competitions among theStockholmschools. From 1891 secondary schools from outsideStockholmwere invited and participated in the shooting competitions.

Among the school teachers there was a debate on the need and benefits of the military training. Different opinions could be read in the teachers professional journals. There were four main issues on the agenda. Firstly the lowest age to take part in the military training. Secondly the education time the military training stole from other more traditional education. Thirdly the merits of the military training from the army´s point of view. Fourthly the military trainings ability to implement a nationalistic and a patriotic spirit to the male youth was doubted.

This debate was very intensive 1897-1899 starting with an article in one of the teachers professional journals where the benefits of the military training in schools were strongly questioned. APMS responded to the anti-military-training articles which ended with the publishing of a contra-booklet with the message that the military training in schools were beneficial and also a tool to promote and establish a more nationalistic and patriotic spirit to the schoolboys.

During the first world war, in1917, amotion was proposed to the Parliament meaning to abolish the mandatory military training in schools. After an animated discussion in the daily press and after hard argumentation in the Parliament the motion passed in April 1917 with 175 votes for and 167 votes against.

The military training was now more or less voluntary. This was a big defeat for APMS, which soon became a part of the Voluntary Shooting Association for Youth of Stockholm.

U.S. doctrines have introduced a third approach within Operational Art, called the design approach, which has evoked military professional and academic debate as well as influenced NATO doctrines. Allied Joint Doctrine for Operational-level Planning (AJP 5) states that a Force Commander should choose one out of three approaches when conducting Operational Art and conducting operational planning: a traditional (causalist), a systemic or a design approach. The difference between the causalist- and the systemic- approach concerns the clash between reductionism and holism, but the difference between the design- and the systemic- approach is methodologically vague. Hence the following question concerning methodology and Operational Art arises:

What methodological implications could constitute an argument for choosing the design approach when conducting Operational Art within a battlespace?

Neither NATO doctrine, planning framework nor previous research offer any explicit methodological argument for choosing, or preferring, the design- over the systemic- approach. This article concludes that one possible argument for preferring a design approach is adherence to value-focused thinking, but this requires that the Force Commander can and is willing to focus on stakeholders’ values within the battlespace. This conclusion is implied by two methodological implications identified and discussed in this article. If the design approach is to be a relevant option, then further conceptual development, experimentation and education is required. To conclude, NATO should review the description of their approaches within Operational Art since the argument for preferring one approach over another is lacking and this could hamper the Force Commander’s management of the battlespace.

Parts of NATO’s contemporary planning framework called the comprehensive operations planning directive (COPD), and parts of the operation-level planning process should be revised since they suffer from methodological inconsistency. This claim is defended by discussing contradicting methodological properties and heuristics applied when framing and managing a military problem in accordance with the COPD. The methodological inconsistency within the COPD; in other words, simultaneously applying contradictory methodological properties, implies one theoretical and three practical implications. The theoretical implication is summarised in a meta-theoretical framework and explained by discussing five methodological properties: non-linearity, emergence, independently changeable generalisations, invariance and boundaries. The three practical implications of methodology imply that methodology is guiding: the problem-frame, conceptual development and action. To improve military planners’ understanding and management of these four identified implications, NATO is recommended to develop a “handbook of methodology.” The purpose of such a handbook should be to emphasise the utility of methodology when planning military operations

Bombkrigets historia är en berättelse om mänsklig ondska, men också om hjältemod och gripande människoöden. Offren fanns i det gasbombade Marocko 1926, i eldstormens Hamburg 1943, i Hanoi 1972 eller i det likaså gasattackerade Halabja 1988. Men offren fanns också i luften: Av de amerikanska och brittiska flygare som under andra världskriget angrep mål i Tyskland dödades mer än hälften. Tiotusentals unga män störtade mot en säker död, medan andra lyckades rädda sig med fallskärm, ibland för att lynchas när de landade. »Bomba och bränn dom« är en flyg- och militärhistoria som sätter människorna, idéerna och moralfrågorna i fokus.

»Bomba och bränn dom« berättar om hur militärt flyg i ganska exakt 100 år har använts för att angripa fiendens civilbefolkning, hans städer och byar. Vilket militärt tänkande ligger bakom en sådan typ av krigföring? Vilka moraliska överväganden har gjorts när detta vapen har använts mot icke krigförande och oskyddade civila? Hur har den internationella rätten utvecklats för att ge civila i krig ett i alla fall formellt skydd? Det här är en bok om tankarna bakom bombkrig mot civila, hur det har genomförts i en lång rad krig och de moraliska problem det har orsakat. Detta är också en bok om människor: politiker, militära chefer och besättningarna i flygplanen, men också människorna på marken, de drabbade civila, brandmännen och sjukvårdspersonalen, luftvärnssoldaterna och andra som på olika sätt har påverkats av det som skiljer 1900-talet från resten av mänsklighetens hela historia: det skoningslösa bombardemanget från luften av civila mål; tron på att man genom att från luften terrorisera fiendens civilbefolkning kan vinna en militär seger.