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  • 1.
    Ahlmark, Marcus
    Swedish Defence University.
    Breddade hot - katalysator för svenska civil-militära relationer: En intervjustudie om hur breddade och mer komplexa hot inverkar på relationen mellan Försvarsmakten och Regeringskansliet ur ett civil-militärt perspektiv2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    According to the Swedish Military Intelligence and Security Service (Sw: Must), the threats against Sweden have assumed a broader and more complex form in recent years. The threats are described as simultaneous, i.e., new, and old threats coexist. This study intends to examine how this new context affected the civilmilitary relationship between the Swedish Armed Forces and the Government Office.

    Based on literature studies and qualitative thematic analysis of self-collected interview data, the study has abductively explored the Swedish Armed Forces' experiences and their collaboration with the Government Office during recent years. By exploring these experiences with the help of concepts derived from civilmilitary theories and Principal-Agent theory, the study established close-to-practice knowledge about how the threats have affected the civil-military relationship in Sweden.

    The results of the study show that the threat context brought employees of the Swedish Armed Forces and their stakeholders at the Government Office closer together. However, the result points to how the closer relationship has led to both barriers and adjustments, which in turn have led to various effects. Altogether, the analysis points to two seemingly dominant perspectives: the organic adaptation in lower-level cooperation, and the integrity aspect, both of which can potentially have far-reaching consequences.

  • 2.
    Ahlmark, Marcus
    Swedish Defence University.
    Breddade hot - katalysator för svenska civil-militära relationer: En intervjustudie om hur breddade och mer komplexa hot inverkar på relationen mellan Försvarsmakten och Regeringskansliet ur ett civil-militärt perspektiv2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    According to the Swedish Military Intelligence and Security Service (Sw: Must), the threats against Sweden have assumed a broader and more complex form in recent years. The threats are described as simultaneous, i.e., new, and old threats coexist. This study intends to examine how this new context affected the civil-military relationship between the Swedish Armed Forces and the Government Office. 

    Based on literature studies and qualitative thematic analysis of self-collected interview data, the study has abductively explored the Swedish Armed Forces' experiences and their collaboration with the Government Office during recent years. By exploring these experiences with the help of concepts derived from civil-military theories and Principal-Agent theory, the study established close-to-practice knowledge about how the threats have affected the civil-military relationship in Sweden. 

    The results of the study show that the threat context brought employees of the Swedish Armed Forces and their stakeholders at the Government Office closer together. However, the result points to how the closer relationship has led to both barriers and adjustments, which in turn have led to various effects. Altogether, the analysis points to two seemingly dominant perspectives: the organic adaptation in lower-level cooperation, and the integrity aspect, both of which can potentially have far-reaching consequences.

  • 3.
    Albrechtsson, August
    Swedish Defence University.
    Minkastares indirekta stridseffekt: En analys av minkastarsystems påverkan på taktiska scenarier2022Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Today there is largely a lack of publications regarding mine dispensers and the indirect effects of mines, which this report aims to investigate. In the report several simplified tactical scenarios are created, where the method of mine laying varies to simulate which combat effectiveness the minefields create. A hypothesis about the combat effectiveness is made before the simulations and is used in a game theoretical analysis of our own and the opponent’s choices in the scenarios. From the game theoretical analysis the report is able to conclude which indirect effects a mine dispenser could have in practice, such as binding the opponent’s minefield breaching resources, improving our readiness to mine quickly, and to lower the opponent’s reaction- and replanning time when met with a minefield.

    According to the report, mine dispensers do not provide better combat effectiveness than manually placed mines when we have lots of time for preparations. Mine dispensers can however provide a raise in ability when we for example have little time for preparations or when we need to maintain a high flexibility in where to mine, and could well complement today’s methods for mine laying.

    The report also illuminates the limitations of the simulation software available today, and contributed to the Swedish Defence Research Agency’s further development of the software to better simulate the effects of minefields in the future.

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  • 4.
    Alvinius, Aida
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Leadership Division, Karlstad.
    Deverell, Edward
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Political Science Section, Sektionen för krishantering och internationell samverkan.
    Hede, Susanne
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Leadership Division, Karlstad.
    Militarisation, masculinisation and organisational exclusion in the crisis preparedness sector2021In: Journal of Risk Research, ISSN 1366-9877, E-ISSN 1466-4461, p. 1-14Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to deepen the understanding of processes that affect collaboration between professions and organisations in the crisis preparedness domain from a gender perspective. A total of twenty-three Swedish duty officers participated in the study. The analysis of the interviews show that collaboration can be understood as (a) the militarisation of civil crisis management actors, which means that many of the work processes and cultures that originate in military organisations can now be found in the security and crisis management sector; (b) the masculinisation, which means that when male dominance appears to prevail, active strategies are used against women, civilian personnel and also inexperienced colleagues and (c) organisational exclusion which emerges particularly in situations where collaboration between female-dominated and male-dominated organisations are required. The findings are important for crisis preparedness research and practice and should work in favour of evening out asymmetries in collaborative crisis management.

  • 5.
    Andersson, Albin
    Swedish Defence University.
    Avståndslagda stridsvagnsminors förutsättningar i öppen respektive betäckt terräng i Sverige2022Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Stridsvagnsminan har varit ett vapen sedan 1916 och därefter har minan tillfört ytterligare en dimension till striden. Minorna har utvecklats under åren och blivit mer avancerade och fler system har möjlighet att placera ut minor. Understödsbehov och framtida bekämpningskoncept, en rapport från Artilleriets stridsskola, visade att avståndslagda minor är ett vapensystem som kan användas i striden för att bekämpa fordon. Försvarsmakten planerar att införskaffa ett system som har kapacitet till avståndslagd minering. Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur användningen av fordonsåverkande avståndslagda minor kan påverkas då de används i strid i olika svenska terrängtyper.

    Fem officerare från olika delar av Sverige intervjuades där de fick beskriva hur avståndslaga minor kunde användas i strid. Därefter analyserades svaren utifrån två scenarion, Skåne respektive Norrland, som representerar öppen terräng respektive betäckt terräng i syfte att se hur avståndslagda minors användning påverkar teorin om kombinerade vapen med en mekaniserad skyttebataljon.

    Analysen av de två scenariona visade att det blev svårare att uppnå kombinerade vapen i öppen terräng jämfört med betäckt terräng på grund av god framkomlighet och brist på kanaliserad terräng. Vilket skulle innebära att fler avståndslagda minorna skulle behövas för att påverka en motståndare i öppen terräng. 

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  • 6.
    Andersson, Björn
    Swedish National Defence College.
    Legitimitet inom ett COIN-perspektiv2009Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The essay presentation of a problem proceed from a possible lack of training or knowledge about valid doctrines for Swedish units conducting service abroad. The essay have the goal to give a snapshoot picture of how a Swedish unit interpret the concept of legitimacy and how the unit works with different aspects to support this. Relating material and also the tool for conducting the analysis are gathered from a wide selection of science in counterinsurgency and also American doctrines.

    The paper assumes that the concept of legitimacy is important in theories surrounding counterinsurgency and also for the used American doctrine. The concept of legitimacy has been defined by three issues, Legitimacy for whom, Who will perceive what is legitimate? and Who generates legitimacy for what?

    The result shows that the Swedish unit in the examined example has a width of vision of the concept of legitimacy and linking it to both themselves as the state of the host country and that both the population in both the home and area of operation. The differences of what is in the paper are reported as COIN theory or the American doctrine is small. An important part is that the paper shows that the Swedish's unit primary definition of legitimacy in a COIN perspective, are the strengthening of the country's security organizations legitimacy versus its own population. This would differ from the above reported theory and doctrine.

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  • 7.
    Andersson, Isabell
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Science of Command and Control and Military Technology Division, Command and Control Section.
    Josefsson, Anders
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Science of Command and Control and Military Technology Division, Command and Control Section.
    Svanborg, Christer
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Joint Warfare Division, Joint Operations Section.
    Avoid Predictability in COA Development for Missions Coping with Complexity2020In: Proceedings of the 25th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium (ICCRTS) / [ed] David S. Alberts, Peter D. Houghton, Ken D. Teske, 2020, p. 1-13Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For many years, we have noticed that different courses of action (COA) developed by Joint Operational Planning Groups (JOPG) for solving the same mission seldom rarely differ more than marginally. This can lead to plans that are predictable for an opponent. If we want to be able to expose an opponent to surprise and complex problems, predictable plans are not good.Planning doctrine only based on the past experience is most often not the best when preparing for missions in future operations, therefore more creative and divergent thinking is needed.In this paper we discuss conditions for COA development that stimulate creative and divergent thinking. We also discuss how planners continually alternate between divergent and convergent thinking before and during execution of operations.

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  • 8.
    Andersson, Liam
    Swedish Defence University.
    UAV:ernas möte med en högteknologisk motståndare: en fallstudie av konfikten i Ukraina2019Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    UAV: s are in more frequent use as a result of a growing commercial market. This increases the probability of UAV: s in conflicts. This means that conflicts where both sides have access to UAV: s that are relatively high-tech becomes more likely. Ukraine and Russia’s use of UAV: s in Ukraine can be described as this kind of conflict. In this paper it is primarily military UAV: s that are discussed. The difference between these and their civilian counterparts are range, flight time and the quality of the sensors. In order to understand how the use of UAV: s is being affected, the following question needs to be answered.  How is the use of UAV: s affected in a conflict between two high-tech opponents? This was answered by analysing the decision-making process using the OODA loop and the kill chain. The paper is a case study which uses qualitative text analysis and an interview.The conclusion of this paper is that UAV: s has acted as a force multiplier in Ukraine and they will be used in future conflicts. Despite the electronic warfare against the UAV: s and the fact that they are missing systems for counteracting the disturbance both sides continue to use UAV: s. The force multiplier that is gained from using UAV: s is justified from a battle economic standpoint despite being hindered by electronic warfare.

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  • 9.
    Andersson, Marcus
    Swedish Defence University.
    Högre besluts påverkan på militära systems tillgänglighet: exemplet Helikopter 142020Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Helicopter 14 is a helicopter system operated by the Swedish Armed Forces based on the NHI NH90. The helicoptersystem has suffered from delays and a low operational availability. The causes of these events are complex with a large amount of participants. There is a number of decisions taken during the event and this survey intended to find the ones with the largest impact on the operational availability year 2020. The survey used two theoretical bases, the Swedish Armed Forces definition of availability as a measure of the consequences and INUS condition as the theoretical base for the root cause analysis. The empirical content is consisting of a historical account of the events regarding the Helicopter 14-project, and three other Swedish military helicopter systems. The analysis found that the Swedish government 2004 Defense act was the main decision that, together with industrial delays, caused the events. The Swedish Armed Forces was at the time of the 2004 Defense Act operating under a considerable burden caused by reorganisations. The 2004 Defense Act gave the Swedish Armed Forces a new alignment and new assignments. Including participation in EU quick response force Nordic Battlegroup and International Security Assistance Force Afghanistan, both assignments required helicopter units. The Swedish Armed Forces was therefore required to replace the original delivery schedule with a prototype-based delivery. This to be able to start-up earlier personnel training with reference to the systems technical readiness level. To then later reach fully operational capability with the helicopter system an retrofit campaign had to be done inter alia, which would lower the operational availability during the time.

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  • 10.
    Antonson, Mats
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Military Studies.
    Comprehensive Approach: Civil-militär filosofi eller allsidigt strategiskt koncept?2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Erfarenheter från de senaste årens komplexa konflikter har bidragit till insikten att separata militära insatser ofta är otillräckliga för att skapa fred. Comprehensive Approach ses av många som ett koncept med målsättningen att skapa en integrerad civil-militär ansats för konfliktlösning. Konceptets innebörd är emellertid oklar. Dessutom är det problematiskt att empiriskt belägga att användandet av konceptet leder till framgång, vilket medför svårigheter att granska dess värde.

    Uppsatsen utnyttjar Michael Howards teori om strategins dimensioner för att analysera Storbritanniens syn på Comprehensive Approach som strategiskt koncept. Som metod används en kvalitativ textanalys av systematiserande typ. Utifrån analysen identifieras styrkor och svagheter med konceptet, vilket medför att huvudfrågan vad Storbritanniens syn på Comprehensive Approach innebär och vilket värde Comprehensive Approach har som strategiskt koncept besvaras. Svaret bidrar till ökad kunskap och förståelse för Comprehensive Approach, vilket är uppsatsens syfte.

    Resultatet visar att Storbritannien ser Comprehensive Approach som ett strategiskt koncept som kräver integrerade civil-militära strukturer för att fungera på ett bra sätt. Samtliga Howards dimensioner återfinns, och att ingen dimension överfokuseras är utifrån teorin en styrka. Värdet på Comprehensive Approach som strategiskt koncept kan samtidigt ifrågasättas främst på grund av att det mestadels uttrycks vad som bör uppnås, men däremot sällan beskrivs hur det ska genomföras. Uppsatsen påvisar även svårigheterna att samordna och koordinera aktörer mot ett gemensamt mål i en multinationell miljö, när incitament för samordning saknas.

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  • 11.
    Appelkvist, Per
    Swedish National Defence College.
    Faktorer som påverkar en militär exit2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 12.
    Appelkvist, Per
    Swedish National Defence College.
    Gav modern COIN-doktrin framgång redan vid försvenskandet av Skånelandskapen?2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Inom ramen för ISAF genomförs nu en massiv utbildningsinsats i counterinsurgency, detta för att den nya strategin som tillämpas skall få stort genomslag. Den doktrin som används vid utbildning och vid genomförande är den amerikanska FM 3-24. Den bygger på flera andra doktriner, men är som egen helhet ny och relativt oprövad.

    Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om faktorer i doktrinens operationslinjer bidrar till framgång. Detta görs genom att besvara frågan: I vilken utsträckning var det faktorer som framgår av FM 3-24 ”logiska operationslinjer” som gav framgång vid försvenskningen av Skånelandskapen?

    Designen för undersökningen är en fallstudie, där operationslinjerna i doktrinen har översatts och operationaliserats och sedan jämförts med ett urval av litteratur om försvenskningen av Skånelandskapen.

    Resultatet stödjer att utifrån detta enskilda fall leder användandet av FM 3-24 operationslinjer till ökad sannolikhet för framgång. Vilket ger en ökad legitimitet i doktrinens nyttjande. Uppsatsen har även ett underliggande syfte, att påvisa att det finns svenskt nationellt exempel på COIN.

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  • 13.
    Arell, Viktor
    Swedish Defence University.
    Offensiva cyberoperationer: en undersökning ur ett humanitärrättsligt perspektiv2022Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Military and civilian functions can use the same network and depend on the same digital infrastructure, which means that there can be difficulties when distinguishing civilian objects from military objects during cyber operations. Moreover, the effects of offensive cyber operations can be difficult to control. Consequently, the question arises how an offensive cyber operation should be carried out in the light of the humanitarian law requirement to protect civilians and civilian objects. 

    The purpose of the thesis is to examine how commanders in the Swedish Armed Forces shall comply with international humanitarian law during offensive cyber operations during international armed conflicts. Based on this purpose, the thesis revolves around the following questions: 

    • Where is the dividing line between military objectives and civilians when the Swedish Armed Forces carry out offensive cyber operations during international armed conflicts? 
    • How can collateral damage be avoided when the Swedish Armed Forces carry out offensive cyber operations during international armed conflicts? 

    The questions are answered by using legal dogmatic method. Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions is used as the main source of law. The analysis of how collateral damage can be avoided is based on Lockheed Martin's model, Cyber kill chain. 

    The conclusion of the thesis is that it is irrelevant whether an object is originally civilian, if the user of the object is civilian or if the object is partly used for civilian purposes. As long as the object effectively contributes to military actions and an impact on the object entails a definite military advantage, it shall be classified as a military objective. Furthermore, the thesis concludes that information gathering and control throughout the operation is the key to avoiding collateral damage when the Swedish Armed Forces carry out offensive cyber operations during international armed conflicts. 

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  • 14.
    Arlt Bjerrehøj, Johannes
    Swedish Defence University.
    Lissabonfördraget och biståndsklausulen: vägen fram till ett gemensamt europeiskt försvar?2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    EU:s gemensamma säkerhets- och försvarspolitik (GSFP) är ett mellanstatligt politikområde. Art. 42.7 Europeiska fördraget (EUF) som reglerar ömsesidiga rättigheter och skyldigheter för EU-medlemmar i händelse av väpnat angrepp mot ett annat medlemsland (biståndsklausulen) utgör tillsammans med Art. 222 Fördraget om Europeiska Unionens Funktionssätt (TFEU) politikområdets kärna. Inom EU ställer medlemsstaternas heterogenitet GSFP:s utveckling inför utmaningar.

     Inom ramen för en tvåfallsstudie med Tyskland och Sverige undersöks vilka faktorer som påverkar den praktiska inställningen till de gemensamma europeiska säkerhets- och försvarspolitiska målen, speciellt tolkningarna av biståndsklausulen. Som pilotstudie i området fokuserar studien på att genom en teoretisk neoklassisk-maktrealistisk lins identifiera intervenerande faktorer på enskilda medlemsstaters utrikespolitiska beslutsprocesser angående det militära maktmedlets roll i utformningen av europeisk säkerhet.

    Resultatet visar att i tolkningen av biståndsklauslen finns färre skillnader mellan fallen än initialt förväntat. I Sveriges fall är det den unika säkerhetskulturen som begränsar acceptansen för ett utvidgat europeiskt försvarssamarbete. I fallet Tyskland är det inte främst formulerade nationella intressen, utan författningsdomstolens beslut samt befolkningens restriktiva syn på militära medels tillämpning som begränsar försvarssektorns integration.

  • 15.
    Aronsson, Patrik
    Swedish National Defence College.
    EU:s och Sveriges säkerhetsstrategier: studier av EU-ledda svenska insatser i Afrika 2006-20092009Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This essay examines how The EU Security Strategy affected the objectives of Swedish foreign politics before launching military operations in The Democratic Republic of Congo 2006, Chad/Central African Republic 2008 and in Somalia 2009. The intentions and goals of foreign politics determine Governmental bills and the objectives for the military operations that are sent overseas. These objectives are to serve as guidelines for the realization of the operations.

    This was the basis of the overall problem for my study which asks: How have security policies based on EU reasoning of Security Strategies affected the Swedish national motives for military operations commanded by the EU in Africa 2006-2009? Can they be identified and explained in the Governmental bills from the same era?

    The document, A secure Europe in a better world ­ European Security Strategy, (2003) is used in the case study to identify the objectives and to compare how these have been implemented in the Swedish governmental bills before the initiation of the EU commanded military operations. This was achieved by using qualitative text analysis and a deductive method to analyse foreign policies with an analysis tool, divided into security, welfare of the state and ideological objectives.

    The outcome of the study identified that the motives for the Governmental bills were permeated by EU’s overall objectives. In the Governmental bills, it was identified that there was generally a lack of the sharpness that the EU policy stands for, regarding being active, preventive and resolute. In order to achieve more effectiveness in the welfare of the state objectives, the EU considers this objective ought to be integrated into all resources as well as into civil and military integration. Additionally, this integration was not emphasized in explicit terms in the examined bills. The main and most prioritised outcome was to consider Human Rights, which resulted in high ranking publicity for the EU and Sweden in the outcome of the operations, both regionally and strategically.

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  • 16.
    Bachmann, Sascha-Dominik
    et al.
    Bournemouth University.
    Gunneriusson, Håkan
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, War Studies Division, Sektionen för markoperationer (KV Mark).
    Terrorism and cyber attacks as hybrid threats: defining a comprehensive approach for countering 21st century threats to global peace and security2014In: Journal on terrorism and security analysis, Vol. 9, no 1, p. 26-36Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Multimodal, low intensity, kinetic as well as non-kinetic threats to international peace and security including cyber war, low intensity asymmetric conflict scenarios, global terrorism, piracy, transnational organized crime, demographic challenges, resources security, retrenchment from globalization and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction were identified by NATO as so called "Hybrid Threats" (cf BI-SC Input for a New NATO Capstone Concept for The Military Contribution to Countering Hybrid Enclosure 1 to 1500/CPPCAM/FCR/10-270038 and 5000 FXX/0100/TT-0651/SER: NU0040, dated 25 August 2010). This submission aims to introduce the audience to this form of security threat with a particular focus on "cyber" terrorism and war. This new form of conflict in the fifth dimension has a truly hybrid risk potential and warrants a new holistic counter approach: from law enforcement, counter cyber strategies to kinetic responses. The authors will present the findings of an ongoing Hybrid Threat experiment, which is being undertaken at the Swedish Defence College, with a focus on the role of cyber attacks within the wider context of asymmetric conflict and how the existing legal framework governing the use of force and the law applicable to hostilities does not necessarily reflect on this new form of threat.

  • 17.
    Bakardjieva, Maria
    et al.
    Calgary University, (CAN).
    Bengtsson, Stina
    Södertörns högskola, (SWE).
    Bolin, Göran
    Södertörns högskola, (SWE).
    Engelbrekt, Kjell
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership (ISSL), Political Science Section, Sektionen för säkerhetespolitik och strategi.
    Digital Media and the Dynamics of Civil Society: Retooling Citizenship in New EU Democracies2021Book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nowadays, it is already a truism to state that digital media are effective tools used by citizens, civil society organizations (CSOs) and social movementsto protest, to demand, to push and (sometimes) achieve social and political change. No question, they are. This has been observed and registered time and again in a luminous series of academic contributions (some notable examples include Castells 2012; Cottle 2011; De Luca. Lawson and Sun 2012; Howard and Muzammil 2011; Tremayne 2014; Tufekci 2017). Exactly how these media have been taken up by civic actors in specific contexts has been studied and discussed in fascinating detail (Cammaerts, 2018; Gerbaudo 2012; Treré 2019). This book goes one step further to ask a broader question: Has the use of digital media by civic actors improved (or depleted) the quality of democratic life understood as broad and effective citizen participation in public affairs and decision-making? 

  • 18.
    Baroutsi, Nicoletta
    et al.
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Military Studies, Command & Control Studies Division. Linköping University.
    Berggren, Peter
    FOI.
    Nählinder, Staffan
    Linköping University.
    Granlund, Rego
    Santa Anna IT Research Institute, Sweden.
    Turcotte, Isabelle
    Laval University, Canada.
    Tremblay, Sébastien
    Laval University, Canada.
    Assessing development of team training2014In: ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings. Book of Papers / [ed] Starr Roxanne Hiltz, Mark S. Pfaff, Linda Plotnick, Patrick C. Shih, The Pennsylvania State University, USA , 2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 19.
    Bengtsson, Fred
    Swedish Defence University.
    Värdering av minor för mekaniserad strid2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The development of the antitank mine has more or less stood still for the past 20 years. In the Defense Committee's final report Värnkraft, counter-mobility operations with landmines is described as one of the priority areas for the Swedish Armed Forces' combat engineer units. With this priority, there is a purpose to investigate how mines will continue to affect the mechanized battle in the future. 

    To study the impact of antitank mines on the mechanized battle, this study has used the Swedish Defense Research Agency's simulation tool Suss-mek. The mine weapon has not previously been implemented in the program. Therefore, it is also investigated which key characteristics that should be included in simulation with mines in battle. 

    The results show that the impact of future antitank- mines in mechanized battle will basically be the same as today. On the other hand, the technology of the future mines will make the mine itself more efficient with a higher probability to kill. The study also shows several relevant key characteristics for example: front, depth, density and fixed behaviours during entering minefield. They are characteristics that must be considered when modelling mines in a simulation tool. 

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  • 20.
    Bengtsson, Johnny
    et al.
    Swedish National Forensic Centre, Swedish Police Authority and Department of Electrical Engineering, Linköping University, (SWE).
    Huskaj, Gazmend
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Science of Command and Control and Military Technology Division, Military Technology Systems Section. School of Informatics, University of Skövde.
    The Manifestation of Chinese Strategies Into Offensive Cyberspace Operations Targeting Sweden2021In: Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security / [ed] Dr. Thaddeus Eze, Dr. Lee Speakman and Dr. Cyril Onwubiko, Reading, UK, 2021, p. 35-43Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this article is to present how Chinese strategies are manifested into offensive cyberspace operations targeting Sweden. It is commonly known that People’s Republic of China (PRC, and in this definition the meaning of thegovernment and its military), uses five-year plans (FYP) for social and economic steering strategy of their country. This has been going on since 1953 until today. In 2015, the national strategic plan Made in China 2025 (中国制造2025) was launched by Le Keqiang, the Premier of the State Council of PRC. The main goal with this plan is to strengthen the economic development. In addition, Chinese military strategists noted the importance of information warfare and intelligence during military operations. This article is based on open sources: the official English translated version of the 13th Five-year plan (FYP) and other reporting on cyberspace operations linked to the PRC. A number of cases are presented to highlight the link between the PRC FYP and their targets. Next, the current situation in Sweden is presented and how the country is targeted by PRC-linked activities, both in and through cyberspace, but also military infiltration on academia. The results show that Sweden has been, and is continuously the target of offensive cyberspace operations. In parallel, the country is also the target of military infiltration on the academia, and direct investment strategies such as Huawei attempting to compete for the 5G frequency actions arranged by the Swedish Post and Telecom Authority. In conclusion, Sweden will continue to experience cyberespionage from PRC on all levels and on all domains; science, technology, IP and privacy information theft. Previously unveiled cyberspace operations cases in this article have proven to be a convenient strategy for the PRC to reduce its research and development gap in several ways; innovatively, financially and to shortening the time-to-market (TTM).

  • 21.
    Bengtsson, Kristofer
    Swedish National Defence College.
    Golanhöjderna, den strategiska betydelsen 1967-19732009Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The topic of this essay is the strategic importance of the Golan Heights during the period 1967-1973, specifically targeting the following questions;

    -          Why were the heights strategically important?

    -          What are the gains of either of the states in controlling the Golan Heights?

    A theoretical framework based on Jerker Widén´s and Jan Ångström´s Militärteorins grunder (The fundamentals in Military Theory) and its chapter regarding the strategic context will be used as an analytical framework.

    The framework has been applied on the specific conditions of the Golan Heights during a given and limited period of time; stretching from 1967 to 1973, however, the study will not deal with the war of attrition in 1970 as the impact on the Golan Heights and the surrounding geographical strategically important area was limited if at all. The two wars waged during this particular time are used in an attempt to give a somewhat objective picture of the strategic importance of the area.

    The conclusions are that the importance of the Golan heights during the selected period was significant as the Golan Heights provided a “strategic lock” both ways and provides a favourable area to deploy artillery, intelligence and surveillance sensors.

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  • 22.
    Berbrick, Walter
    et al.
    U.S. Naval War College, (USA).
    Saunes, Lars
    U.S. Naval War College, (USA).
    Cobb, Richard
    Royal Canadian Navy, (CAN).
    Greaves, Wilfred
    University of Victoria, (CAN).
    Friis, Anders
    Royal Danish Navy, (DNK).
    Riber, Johannes
    Royal Danish Defence College, (DNK).
    Kjærgaard, Steen
    Royal Danish Defence College, (DNK).
    Mikkola, Erkki
    Finnish Navy, (FIN).
    Strømmen, Tor Ivar
    Royal Norwegian Naval Academy, (NOR).
    Handeland, Ingrid
    Royal Norwegian Naval Academy, (NOR).
    Forsman, Andreas
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Joint Warfare Division.
    Lundqvist, Stefan
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Joint Warfare Division, Joint Operations Section.
    Gosnell, Rachel
    United States Navy, (USA).
    Sittlow, Brian
    Council on Foreign Relations.
    Potter, Earl
    United States Coast Guard Academy, (USA).
    Tallis, Joshua
    Center for Naval Analysis.
    Thompson-Jones, Mary
    U.S. Naval War College, (USA).
    Shvets, Dmitry
    United States Navy, (USA).
    Conflict Prevention and Security Cooperation in the Arctic Region: Frameworks of the Future2020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This report, Conflict Prevention and Security Cooperation in the Arctic Region: Frameworks for the Future, captures consensus of the Newport Arctic Scholars Initiative 2020 scholars. Building upon the 2018-2019 NASI work on the limitations of the current cooperative security fora in the Arctic region, this cohort explored existing international frameworks and assessed their abilities to ensure freedom and security in the Arctic through political-military means. NASI 2020 also examined existing frameworks to determine whether they enabled increased dialogue and maritime security cooperation in the region. The frameworks were further evaluated for their abilities to prevent and manage conflict and enhance cooperation on areas of common security and defense interests in the region. Scholars were tasked to identify new frameworks that could be useful in establishing – and maintaining – open channels of communication, preventing conflict, and enhancing cooperation on areas of common security and defense interests among nations and navies in the Arctic region. Finally, the group sought to identify practical arrangements for a future meeting or summit that could bring together states to enhance dialogue on security and cooperation in the Arctic region.

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  • 23.
    Berg, Elin
    Swedish Defence University, Department of War Studies and Military History, Functions and Perspective Division.
    Queer Data: Using Gender, Sex and Sexuality Data for Action: by Kevin Guyan, London, Bloomsbury, 20222023In: International feminist journal of politics, ISSN 1461-6742, E-ISSN 1468-4470, Vol. 25, no 4, p. 788-790Article, book review (Other academic)
  • 24.
    Berg, Elin
    et al.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of War Studies and Military History, Functions and Perspective Division.
    Pettersson, Ulrica
    Swedish Defence University, Department of War Studies and Military History, Functions and Perspective Division.
    Resilience and Resistance in the Digital Age: Revisiting the Threshold Effect in Total Defence2022In: Journal on Baltic Security, ISSN 2382-9222, Vol. 8, no 2, p. 41-60Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For several years, the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF), M. Bydén, has acknowledged the significance of digital security threats (Bydén, 2017). Even now, he continues to stress the importance of taking such threats seriously; ‘Sweden is attacked everyday by means that harm our society today and in the more long-term. We are not in a military conflict on and about Swedish territory, but we are in a conflict about the values we want to uphold and interests we want to be handled in a democratic way’ (Dagens Nyheter, 2022).

  • 25.
    Berg, Stefan
    Swedish Defence University.
    Hybridkrigföring och svenska strategiska inriktningar2019Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Hybrid warfare is a phenomenon that have gained an ever increasingly amount of attention in the aftermath of the events in Ukraine 2014. A war broke out between on one hand Ukraine and the other hand an opponent who seems to be composed of so called “little green men”. The war has been waged with methods that has reached beyond the conventional way of waging. And while there are many discussions amongst the cadets at the Swedish Military Academy concerning what exactly hybrid warfare is, not much have been said about what to do about it.

     The following essay will address hybrid warfare and defence against hybrid warfare and with the help of a theoretical framework based upon military science investigate how Sweden responds to the threats connected to hybrid warfare on a strategic level.

     The result of the research done will show how Swedish strategic doctrines identifies the threats of hybrid warfare and suggests a holistic approach in both how to deny the opponent the opportunity to use hybrid warfare and how to counter hybrid threats.

     

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  • 26.
    Berggren, Peter
    et al.
    FOI.
    Johansson, Björn JE
    FOI.
    Baroutsi, Nicoletta
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Military Studies, Command & Control Studies Division.
    Dahlbäck, Nils
    Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University.
    The shared priorities measure as a way of assessing team strategic awareness: a bridge between self-assessment and the deep blue sea of field recordings2014In: Proceedings of the 2014 European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, ACM Digital Library, 2014, p. 13-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective, easy to use, easy to comprehend, high face-validity assessment methods for measuring shared awareness in teams are hard to find. This paper describes an experiment where a new measure called Shared Priorities, which is based on ranking of self-generated strategic items, is tested. Trained teams were compared to non-trained teams in a dynamic problem-solving task in terms of performance and shared awareness. The shared priorities measure was used alongside other, well-documented measures of team awareness based on self-rating. The results show that the Shared Priorities measure correlate with performance and could also distinguish between trained and non-trained teams. However, the Shared Priorities measure did not correlate with the other team measures, suggesting that it captures a different quality of team work than the self-rating measures. Further, the shared priorities measure was found to be easily administered and gained a high user acceptance.

  • 27.
    Berggren, Peter
    et al.
    FOI.
    Johansson, Björn JE
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Baroutsi, Nicoletta
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Command & Control Studies Division. Linköping University, Sweden.
    Turcotte, Isabelle
    Laval University, Canada.
    Tremblay, Sébastien
    Laval University, Canada.
    Assessing team focused behaviors in emergency response teams using the shared priorities measure2014In: Proceedings of the 11th International ISCRAM Conference / [ed] S.R. Hiltz, M.S. Pfaff, L. Plotnick, and P.C. Shih, Pennsylvania, USA: ISCRAM , 2014, p. 130-134Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this work in progress paper is to report on the method development of the Shared Prioritiesmeasure to include content analysis, as a way of gaining a deeper understanding of team work incrisis/emergency response. An experiment is reported where the performance of six trained teams is comparedwith the performance of six non-trained teams. The experiment was performed using an emergency responsemicroworld simulation with a forest fire scenario. Dependent measures were simulation performance, the CrewAwareness Rating Scale (CARS), and content analysis. Trained teams performed better and scored higher onmeasures of team behaviors.

  • 28.
    Berggren, Peter
    et al.
    FOI.
    Johansson, Björn JE
    FOI.
    Svensson, Erland
    Pensionerad.
    Baroutsi, Nicoletta
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Command & Control Studies Division.
    Dahlbäck, Nils
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Statistical modelling of team training in a microworld study2014In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, Sage Publications, 2014, p. 894-898Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A command and control environment is a dynamic and complex setting with complicated technical systems where teams of operators interact to reach shared goals. This study presents an experiment in which we, by means of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), explain the relations between basic concepts of command and control environments: mental workload, frustration, situational awareness, and performance. This paper reports a LISREL analysis of the Baroutsi, Berggren, Nählinder, & Johansson (2013) data. From that data, a new latent variable “Frustration” emerges, which now can be included in the model.

  • 29.
    Björkman, Joel
    Swedish Defence University.
    Erfarenhetshantering i ett värnpliktssystem2020Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis has researched how a transition to a conscript system will impact on the organisationallearning. The purpose was to examine if the conscript soldiers experience, primarily on theexperience regarding technical systems, is taken care of by the organisation. The theory that wasused was The Five Learning Cycles of the Organizational Learning developed by Sanchez. Themethod was to use previous research on organisational learning and use it to develop an idealprocess for organisational learning for conscript soldiers. This ideal process was later used toanalyse the process in the Swedish Armed Forces. The result of this thesis is that a transition to aconscript system will have a small impact if the existing method in the Swedish Armed Forces isused. The factors that should be in the process is in large found, and the fact that it is a hierarchicorganisation will reduce the effect of personnel turnover with a conscript system. In what extentthe Swedish Armed Forces is using its method in the training of the conscripts hasn´t beenresearched and is a suggestion to future research.

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  • 30.
    Björnfors, Martin
    Écoles de Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan.
    Insurgent Organisation Structure: A Neglected Subject?2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    On 1 November, 1954 an armed insurgency against French rule commenced with a large scale terrorist attack throughout various parts of Algeria. France responded by sending troops from the continent to Algeria and was soon involved in a full out counterinsurgency against the Front Liberé National (FLN), a revolutionary movement organised in a classical communist insurgent pattern.

    Many of the experiences the French gained conducting counterinsurgency in Algeria have been examined by writers of COIN literature. The conclusions have been incorporated into counterinsurgency doctrines of many countries, and the works of Galula, who experienced the war, is considered basic literature for many counterinsurgency courses. This has been inherited by modern COIN literature. The US FM 3.24 draws from the French experiences and theorists in its main body.

    This essay examines whether modern counterinsurgency literature derived from French experiences and theories gained, fighting FLN fails to address the question on how the insurgent organisation is structured. It provides a few arguments why we should know this, such as knowing your enemy’s structure will help you understand his vulnerabilities. To archive this and lay a foundation for the argumentation it first compares the Algerian FLN to modern day Taliban to establish if their organisational structures are different or similar.

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  • 31.
    Bladh, Karoline
    Swedish Defence University.
    Tvångsmakt och trovärdiga hot i krig: En teoriprövande fallstudie av trovärdighetsteorin Current Calculus Theory2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    During decades of analysing and theorising military coercion, there is still an absence of common understandings of what coercion consists of and what makes it successful. Despite those diversities, most of the coercion theories agree on that the credibility in threats is a condition for succeeding to influence an adversary. Daryl G. Press has presented a theory, Current Calculus Theory, to analyse the credibility in military threats. However, the theory is based on threats in military crisis with the focus on the actor exposed to the threats. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine the explanatory capability of the theory in coercion in war with perspective on the actor conducting the threats. The results show that the theory may be used to explain the credibility in military threats in war and not just crises, but restrictions in war that the theory does not include complicates the explanatory capability of it. For further analysis of credibility of military threats in war, the suggestions are that the theory is added with factors specifically included in war, such as how Rules of Engagement complicate the use of force, and how the international society respond to an actor threatening with disproportionate amount of force.

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  • 32.
    Blomster, Odd
    Swedish Defence University.
    Användningen av civilmilitära medel vid Rysslands annektering av Krim2021Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In Ukraine 2014 the world saw a new type of war develop on the Crimean Peninsula. But what took place was not an open conflict between military forces on the battlefield and on the waves. Instead, it was a combination of covert operations by Russian special forces, organized crime groups from both Russia and Ukraine and the instigation of local ethnic groups. This study is focused on the use of civilian individuals and organizations to achieve a higher military goal in this conflict. This is to increase the understanding of what methods that were used in the Russo-Ukrainian war where connections between the military and the civilian in this conflict is blurred. The study finds that many methods that use civilians for a higher military purpose can be found in the conflict that could be used elsewhere with similar conditions. It also finds a rudimentary schematic for when and in what order these methods were used for successfully achieving their goals. It also finds a new scientific gap where future research could go to further understand and predict how these methods could be used in our future.

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  • 33.
    Bogren, Ola
    Swedish Defence University, Department of War Studies and Military History, Joint Warfare Division.
    Krigsvetenskap 2022: Årsbok inom ramen för militära programutbildningen2023Collection (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    "Att lära sig saker handlar om att plötsligt förstå något man alltid förstått, men på ett nytt sätt"

    Jag väljer att börja denna inledning med ett citat från Doris May Lessing. Det är nämligen om just detta det handlar, det vill säga att förstå vår nutid ur flera perspektiv. Lessing var en autodidaktiker som sedermera tillskrevs nobelpris i litteratur. Hennes samtid gav den lärdom som påverkade såväl hennes liv, kunnande som skicklighet. På motsvarande sätt utgör allt skrivande vid Försvarshögskolan en mening. En mening som vänder och vrider på olika sammanhang. Vår samtid, med dess olika fenomen, blir därför belysta ur flera perspektiv. Denna årsbok sammanställer uppsatser för att ge dig som läsare en uppfattning om vad det skrivs om vid skolan.

    En stor del av alla uppsatser som skrivs möter aldrig någon egentlig publik, uta när snarare något som ”bara” ska göras under sin utbildning. Texterna möter en mycket begränsad publik, främst inom Försvarshögskolan, där texter presenteras av författaren och det ges en opponering av andra. Vid dessa tillfällen finns ävenen öppen inbjudan till kollektivet, det vill säga att det står var och en fritt att delta och ta del av såväl diskussioner, som att själv läsa och ta sig an presenterade texter. Dessa texter med alla tankar och idéer som skrivs behöver möta en större publik. Det finns ett värde för professionen att det kan ske. Med professionen i centrum, så kan vi tillsammans genomföra en vetenskaplig professionsutbildning vid Försvarshögskolan som möter morgondagens krav. Vår förhoppning är att denna årsbokska bli en årligt återkommande publikation. Denna första upplaga av årsboken har långt ifrån alla uppsatser medtagna. Det har funnits vissa initiala juridiska dilemman, som nu är åtgärdade och förhoppningen är att kommande upplagor blir mer omfattande till antalet uppsatser. Att skriva texter som andra kan ta del av har en betydelse och påverkan. Att skriva i sanden innebär att klokheten och det man vill förmedla försvinner med nästa vattenvåg.

    Syftet med årsboken är att skapa uppmärksamhet för det som främst studerande producerat vid skolan. Det finns all anledning att ägna viss tid åt denna vishet som texterna uttrycker. En anledning är att texterna utgör och speglar vilka tankar och funderingar som finns hos våra kollegor. En annan anledning är att texterna faktiskt uttrycker vad våra kollegor anser vara viktiga sakområden och just därför harde valt att skriva om, och argumentera för, dessa områden. I ett vidare perspektiv har officersprofessionen, likt andra professioner, behovet av att hantera dagens verksamhet parallellt med morgondagens utveckling. Officersprofessionen särskiljer sig dock därför att det ytterst handlar om mandat för, och genomförande av, storskaligt våld. Sammanhanget för individen relaterat professionen är därför vital. Individens kognitiva utveckling, det vill säga lärande, i en utveckligmässig mening, tar sig uttryck i sitt sätt att tänka utifrån hur individen tar in och förstår sin omgivning. Av denna anledning vill vi med årsboken sprida tankar inom professionen för att bidra till debatt och utveckling.

    Årsboken har en målsättning att vi ska kunna minnas och se till vilka områden som varit aktuella för just detta år. Av denna anledning finns en metaanalys med i boken som tar sitt avstamp såväl utifrån uppsats rubriker, som av författarnas valda nyckelord. Nu är det är inte bara uppsatser som skrivs vid Försvarshögskolan. Det skrivs även exempelvis tentamensarbeten inom enskilda kurser. Avsikten är att ettantal (urval) av dessa texter ska finnas medtagna i sin helhet. I denna version, 2022, finns några texter från kurser som gavs förra året.

    Strukturen i boken är att uppsatser är medtagna till rubrik, författare, textens sammanfattning samt slutligen en sökväg som leder till uppsatsen i sin helhet på DiVA. DiVA står för det Digitala vetenskapliga arkivet och utgör en gemensam söktjänst för forskningspublikationer och studentuppsatser producerade vid cirka 50 stycken lärosäten och forskningsinstitutioner. Tanken är att man ska få en översikt i årsboken av uppsatser för att sedan kunna välja ut och läsa en eller flera texter i sin helhet. Varför inte välja ut någon uppsats som ligger din verksamhet nära, bjud in författaren till din avdelning, och genomför en gemensam diskussion i samband med en samling ni ändå har. Kompetensutveckling innebär i slutändan att lära sig själv och andra, att faktiskt ta ansvar för professionens livslånga lärande.

    Årsboken kommer primärt att vara en digital publikation, men kommer även i mindre upplaga finnas i en pappersutgåva. Den digitala versionen ger direkt tillgångtill länkar och sökvägar. Årsboken kommer att finnas tillgänglig i båda versionerna vid Anna-Lindh biblioteket.

    Slutligen vill jag tacka mina medarbetare Kristin Ljungkvist, Knut-Olav Drivenes och Ola Larsson som med sitt engagemang, driv och kunskap gjort denna årsbok möjlig. Med förhoppning om en givande läsning.

    Ola Bogren Redaktör

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  • 34.
    Boisvert, Marc-André
    Swedish National Defence College, Department of Leadership and Management (ILM).
    Sociological Perspectives on African Peace Support Operations2010Report (Other academic)
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  • 35.
    Boldsen, Kristian
    Swedish National Defence College.
    Afghanistan 1978-1992: Avsaknaden av Galula2010Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The term counterinsurgency has received a lot of attention since 2001 and the U.S commitment in Afghanistan and Iraq. The U.S has conducted thorough developmental work since then and a new doctrine on counterinsurgency was presented in 2006. As early as 1964, the Frenchman David Galula issued a book on the subject, and there have existed theories on counterinsurgency ever since. The Soviet Union’s commitment in Afghanistan during the 1980s ended with the collapse of the Afghan communist regime. The will to win the conflict should have been present there, and in the same way that the U.S have capitalized on their experiences something ought to have been done to try to win the conflict during the 1980s. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the parties involved in the fight against the Afghan resistance acted in a way that resembles Galula’s theories on counterinsurgency. The conflict has been analyzed with Galulas theories on how to defeat an insurgency by both political and military means. The analysis has shown that the Soviet Union and the Afghan communist regime did not develop their way of handling the conflict in a way which is consistent with Galula’s theories. The primary political cause was that the regime put its trust in oppression in their attempts to discourage resistance sympathies. This approach resulted in an increase in support for the Afghan resistance rather than the support of the regime. Militarily, the lack of means to secure the regime’s political presence in new areas meant that the regime was unable to broaden its sphere of influence.

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  • 36.
    Borglund, Anders
    Swedish Defence University.
    Vad bör ingå i en svensk försvarsindustristrategi?2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Skall Försvarsmakten stärkas i enlighet med försvarsberedningens rapport Värnkraft behövs en väl fungerande materielförsörjning. Samhället förändras snabbt och den nuvarande materielförsörjningsstrategin är från 2007, och rapporter visar att den inte heller följs. Som en del i en materielförsörjningsstrategi har vissa länder en försvarsindustristrategi, vilket Sverige saknar. Kanske ställer tillväxten särskilda krav som en sådan strategi kan omhänderta. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för vad en försvarsindustristrategi skall ha för innehåll och det görs genom att besvara: Vad bör ingå i en svensk försvarsindustristrategi? Undersökningen har genomförts genom en induktiv tematisk analys över Danmarks och Finlands försvarsindustristrategier och därefter fortsatt med analys av svenska dokument från Regeringskansliet, Säkerhets- och försvarsföretagen (SOFF) och Försvarsmakten. Undersökningen har resulterat i en hypotetisk modell över vad en svensk försvarsindustristrategi skall innehålla i form av teman. Dessa är Sveriges förutsättningar, Sveriges mål med försvarsindustristrategi och Sveriges medel och metoder.

    Resultatet kan användas som en grund i formulerandet av en försvarsindustristrategi. Genom den ökade kunskapen om vad en försvarsindustristrategi skall innehålla, kommer arbetet med att formulera en sådan att underlättas och med strategin skulle förutsättningarna för Försvarsmaktens tillväxt avseende anskaffning av materiel tydliggöras och förhoppningsvis bli effektivare.

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  • 37.
    Bornfleth, William
    Swedish Defence University.
    Dold luftlägesunderrättelseinhämtning: Passiva bistatiska radarsystems militära nytta inom ramen för en luftvärnsbataljon2022Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In the search of hostile aircraft air defence radars emit electromagnetic waves making them vulnerable to enemy countermeasures and effects. Passive radars, lacking dedicated transmitters utilize the electromagnetic radiation of non-cooperative transmitters. The possible introduction of passive radars is examined in this report as a potential complement to the currently used active radars of the Swedish Air Defence. The purpose of this study is to explore how the utilization of passive radars within the Swedish Air Defence effects the military capabilities regarding Air Defence over Sweden. The research questions of this report are:- How would an implementation of passive radars affect the military capabilities of the Swedish air defence?- Would passive radars within the Swedish Air Defence provide military utility? To answer the questions, the MUAFT-method has been used as a theoretical framework model to analyze and assess the military utility of passive radars and their impact on the Air Defence’s military capabilities. Initially, two conceptual technical systems were presented based on the current organization of the Swedish Air Defence. One system with and one without added passive radar. Both systems were then subjected to a SWOT-analysis. Thereafter, the passive radar system was assessed on the basis of its impact on the military capabilities, as well as its footprint according to DOTPMFLI. Finally, the military utility of passive radars in Air Defence was assessed. The results indicate that an implementation of passive radar would impact all of the military capability factors, although most prominently regarding endurance and survivability. Conclusions regarding the implementation of passive radars indicate that the system does have military utility within the Air Defence unit, provided they are used as intended, in synergy with existing active radars.

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  • 38.
    Bovét, Peter
    Swedish National Defence College.
    Att tänka annorlunda: Samtidens dynamiska lärandemiljöer utgår från ett förändrat sätt att tänka och förstå ledarskap2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Theories on knowledge development, adaptation and innovation have connections to transforma-tional leadership and recent military research on contemporary warfare. The thesis explores the learning environment, and describes the behavioural changes that supports and fosters dynamic thinking and adaptive problem-solving in a military organization. In a survey, two groups of lead-ers conceptions of the Swedish Armed Forces (SwAF) prerequisites where compiled and com-pared. The survey consisted of quantitative and qualitative methods. The results indicated leader-ship challenges within SwAF.

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  • 39.
    Cagenius, Anton
    Swedish Defence University.
    Robot 58 påverkan på den svenska pansarvärnsförmågan; en systemjämförelse av svenska pansarvärnsrobotsystem.2023Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Swedish Armed Forces have identified the need for an increased anti-tank capability. This has led to the test and trial of a new anti-tank missile. The introduction of a new weapon system with new characteristics can be a challenge. When this weapon system is an anti-tank missile which capabilities in ground combat units have been down prioritized for several years, the implementation can take time. The purpose of this paper was to generate data to highlight the technical and doctrinal differences between rbs 58 and existing anti-tank missiles used by the Swedish Armed Forces.

    The approach of the work was an interview study where four individuals were interviewed. Documentary research was conducted to complement the data collected from the interviews. The characteristics and performance of the four different anti-tank missile systems were analyzed with a SWOT analysis. The analysis was highlighted from the perspective of the Swedish Armed Forces' basic operational capabilities, specifically mobility and effectiveness.

    The result of the analysis showed that even though the systems are intended for the same purpose, rbs 58 is significantly more developed and demonstrates why it is considered to belong as a generation four missile unlike the other anti-tank missile. Rbs 58 new characteristics, including indirect fire mode, will greatly contribute to the three-dimensional battle for infantry units and pose a major threat to the opponent's mechanized units. The requirement is that officers at lower unit levels practice with the capabilities rbs 58 has to offer.

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  • 40.
    Carlerby, Mats
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Science of Command and Control and Military Technology Division, Command and Control Section. Swedish Defence University.
    Problems and considerations of sensor C2 in a future operational environment2020In: Proceedings of the 25th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium (ICCRTS): The Future of Command and Control / [ed] David S. Alberts, Peter D. Houghton, Ken D. Teske, Washington, 2020, article id 082Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The development of ballistic missiles, more effective cruise missiles, and increased sensor capabilities imply both new capabilities and challenges in a future operational environment. One effect this has is that the time from detection of a threat, to being able to respond, and to act on it will be significantly reduced. This article illuminates some current and future threats that are emerging and will be part of an increasingly complex battle space. The purpose of the research is to test and evaluate different C2 solutions for future ISR. The benefit of the proposed research is that it can provide design propositions for future ISR systems and its C2 function. In addition, the research may support design and acquisition of future automated systems and AI. Framing a conceivable development of a future battlefield and its character is important to obtain sufficient realism under the conditions that the proposed experimental series is intended to test. For the experimental series, the microworld C3Fire is currently under consideration as a platform for the trials. This, among other things, for its good configuration possibilities and being able to create reliable experimental conditions.

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  • 41.
    Confortini, Catia C.
    et al.
    Wellesley College, (USA).
    Wibben, Annick T.R.
    Swedish Defence University, Department of War Studies and Military History.
    Peace2022In: Gender Matters in Global Politics: A Feminist Introduction to International Relations / [ed] Laura J. Shepherd, Caitlin Hamilton, London: Routledge, 2022, 3, p. 314-326Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this chapter, we problematise the common association of women and peace by engaging instead with the varied feminist scholarship on peace. We anchor this discussion in Shampa Biswas’ postcolonial feminist account of nuclear power to highlight how feminist peace scholars and activists shift our attention from the potential future uses of nuclear weapons to the harm they cause right now. From production, to testing, to deployment, nuclear weapons (along with nuclear power for so-called peaceful purposes) often negatively affect communities already marginalised in the global political and economic order. This discussion of everyday nuclear politics allows us to highlight the feminist concept of a continuum of violence that spans peace- and wartime, drawing attention also to how the personal is political – and international. We expand on this through a discussion of feminist anti-nuclear activism and its practices of care. Alternative feminist futures, where security and peace are envisioned as processes to sustain and nurture life, depend not on the pursuit of power in hierarchical social orders, but instead on practices and ethics of mutual care and relationality.

  • 42.
    Dahrné, Per
    Swedish National Defence College.
    COIN-doktrinen och kulturen2014Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    COIN-doktrinen och kulturen
  • 43.
    de Coning, Cedric
    et al.
    Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, (NOR).
    Gelot, LinnéaThe Nordic Africa Institute, Research Unit, Göteborgs universitet, (SWE).Karlsrud, JohnNorwegian Institute of International Affairs, (NOR).
    The future of African peace operations: from the Janjaweed to Boko Haram2016Collection (editor) (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Facing threats ranging from Islamist insurgences to the Ebola pandemic, African regional actors are playing an increasingly vital role in safeguarding peace and stability across the continent. But while the African Union has demonstrated its ability to deploy forces on short notice and in difficult circumstances, the challenges posed by increasingly complex conflict zones have revealed a widening divide between the theory and practice of peacekeeping. With the AU ’s African Standby Force becoming fully operational in 2016, this timely and much-needed work argues that responding to these challenges will require a new and distinctively African model of peacekeeping, as well as a radical revision of the current African security framework.

    The first book to provide a comprehensive overview and analysis of African peace operations, The Future of African Peace Operations gives a long overdue assessment of the ways which peacekeeping on the continent has evolved overthe past decade. It will be a vital resource for policy makers, researchers and all those seeking solutions and insights into the immense security challenges which Africa is facing today.

  • 44.
    Dernegård, Einar
    Swedish Defence University.
    Utövandet av transformativt ledarskap i svensk politik: En deduktiv tematisk analys över Magdalena Anderssons ledarskapsutövning i kontexten av Sveriges ansökan till NATO2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Studiet av politiskt ledarskap blir alltmer centralt i takt med det politiska ledarskapets växande inflytande på människors vardag. För Socialdemokraterna har Sveriges NATO-process inneburit en påtaglig försvarspolitisk omställning. Trots förlust av regeringsmakten har stödet för såväl partiet som för partiledaren Magdalena Andersson vuxit, mitt under en påtaglig politisk omställning. Opinionen för ett svenskt medlemskap har uppvisat radikala förändringar inom partiet, som traditionellt sett varit kategoriskt avvisande för ett svenskt NATO-medlemskap. Det torde krävas ett framgångsrikt ledarskap för att uppnå detta. Svensk ledarskapsforskning hyllar modellen utvecklande ledarskap som en åtråvärd modell för utövande av framgångsrikt ledarskap. Kan dess förlaga, transformativt ledarskap, utgöra en giltig förklaringsfaktor bakom förståelsen för Magdalena Anderssons utövade ledarskap? Kan modellen också förklara Anderssons höga förtroendesiffror i kontexten av Sveriges NATO-process? En unik faktor i det aktuella fallet är också att Anderssons ledarskapsutövning kan observeras utifrån två olika roller. Dels i rollen som regeringschef, dels i rollen som partiledare i opposition vilket ger undersökningen en komparativ anstrykning. Studien har syftat till att undersöka huruvida modellen transformativt ledarskap är tillämpbar som giltig förklaringsmodell bakom det ledarskap som Magdalena Andersson har utövat inom ramen för Sveriges NATO-process. Undersökningen visar genom en deduktiv tematisk analys att det ledarskap som utövas i båda rollerna är överförbara på det transformativa ledarskapets fyra faktorer (idealiserat inflytande, intellektuell stimulering, inspirerande motivation samt individuell omtanke). Undersökningen visar också att det torde krävas utövande av transformativt för att uppnå och upprätthålla höga förtroendesiffror under en politisk omställning av NATO-processens dignitet. 

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  • 45.
    Dijkstra, Gabriel
    Swedish Defence University.
    Beväpning av flygtekniker2019Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The AK5C has reached the edge of life and is due for replacement. Studies have been investigating a new small arm but focus of these studies has been the army and its personnel. For flight maintenance personnel the AK5C was too heavy and when working on an aircraft the technicians had to lay the weapon aside. The question this study aims to answer is how the future small arms for flight maintenance personnel might look like. To illustrate when a flight technician might use their weapon three scenarios where created. The scenarios where all originated from reglemente flygbassystem and focused on the main tasks of flight maintenance personnel. In the study personnel with deep knowledge in the field of small arms from different branches of the Swedish Armed Forces were interviewed. The aim was to get an understanding of how the organization view the problem. A survey with flight maintenance personnel from Helicopter Squadron was also conducted and provided details of how the users views the problem. The main question that was asked both in the interviews and in the survey to the users was which attribute of a small arm are the most important for each of the scenarios. The primary difference between the interviewed and the survey was the understanding of penetration and range for different weapon types. The conclusion of the study was that a short barrelled automatic rifle could be a solution that could handle all the investigated scenarios. A recommendation is also made to strengthen the flight maintenance company with machineguns to increase the capacity when defending on longer ranges. 

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  • 46.
    Dobers, Peter
    et al.
    Södertörn University, (SWE).
    Gawell, MalinSödertörn University, (SWE).Gärde, JohanMarie Cederschiöld University, (SWE).Silfverskiöld, StefanSwedish Defence University, Department of Systems Science for Defence and Security, Systems Science for Defence and Security Division.
    PROCEEDINGS of the 28th Annual Conference, International Sustainable Development Research Society: Sustainable Development and Courage: Culture, Art and Human Rights2022Conference proceedings (editor) (Refereed)
  • 47. Druelle, Laurie
    et al.
    Siniciato Terra Garbino, Henrique
    Swedish Defence University, Department of War Studies and Military History, Strategy Division.
    Mellado Åhlin, Eric
    Mine Action and the Reintegration of Former Combatants: Expanding the Debate2022In: Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction, ISSN 2469-7575, E-ISSN 2469-7605, Vol. 25, no 3, p. 24-29, article id 7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the last decades, humanitarian mine action (HMA) and disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) processes have increasingly been recognized as essential to paving the way for sustainable development thanks to their contributions towards human security, livelihood, and access to services. The integration between the two processes, however, has not yet been fully addressed in the literature or practice. This paper seeks to identify areas where DDR and HMA intersect and, supported by anecdotal evidence, suggest a conceptual framework for future research and implementation. Most importantly, we hope to widen the debate on the potentially synergic relationship between HMA and DDR, flag possible fallacies or oversimplifications, and challenge solely “top-down” approaches.

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  • 48.
    Dufva, Simon
    Swedish Defence University.
    Överraskning, den gyllene vägen till framgång?: en fallstudie av andra slaget vid EL Alamein och stormningen av fortet Eben Emael2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The concept of surprise is as old as warfare itself. All battlefield commanders want to defeat their foe with the smallest number of lost lives and expenditure of resources. This study will analyse what factors are necessary to achieve surprise and what the effect of that surprise can be.

    This study will apply Jim Storr’s theory of surprise against two different cases where surprise can be found. The first case is when the German forces stormed the fortress of Eben Emael during the Second World War where a small force of 86 paratroopers successfully managed to defeat a garrison of about 1000 men. The second case is the second battle of El Alamein where the British 8th army beat Rommel and his Das Afrika Korps. The aim of the study is to see how surprise was achieved and what the effect of the surprise was in the two cases according to Jim Storrs theory of surprise.

    The result of the study indicates that there are some explanatory powers to these cases with Jim Storr’s theory of surprise. In the case of Eben Emael it is quite significant and in the case of El Alamein it is somewhat limited. 

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    ÖVERRASKNING, DEN GYLLENE VÄGEN TILL FRAMGÅNG? EN FALLSTUDIE AV ANDRA SLAGET VID EL ALAMEIN OCH STORMNINGEN AV FORTET EBEN EMAEL.
  • 49.
    Duursma, Allard
    et al.
    ETH Zurich, Zurich, (CHE).
    Bara, Corinne
    ETH Zurich, Zurich, (CHE).
    Wilén, Nina
    University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;Egmont Royal Institute for International Relations, Brussels, (BEL).
    Hellmüller, Sara
    ETH Zurich, Zurich, (CHE).
    Karlsrud, John
    Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, Oslo, (NOR).
    Oksamytna, Kseniya
    City, University of London, London, (GBR).
    Bruker, Janek
    ETH Zurich, Zurich, (CHE).
    Campbell, Susanna
    American University, Washington, D.C., (USA).
    Cusimano, Salvator
    United Nations, New York City, (USA).
    Donati, Marco
    United Nations, New York City, (USA).
    Dorussen, Han
    University of Essex, Colchester, (GBR).
    Druet, Dirk
    McGill University, Montreal, (CAN).
    Geier, Valentin
    McGill University, Montreal, (CAN).
    Epiney, Marine
    ETH Zurich, Zurich, (CHE).
    Geier, Valentin
    Institut Barcelona d'Estudis Internacionals, Barcelona, Spain;University of Konstanz, Konstanz, (DEU).
    Gelot, Linnéa
    Swedish Defence University, Department of War Studies and Military History, Joint Warfare Division.
    Gyllensporre, Dennis
    Swedish Defence University, Department of Political Science and Law.
    Hiensch, Annick
    United Nations, New York City, (USA).
    Hultman, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Uppsala, (SWE).
    Hunt, Charles T.
    RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia;United Nations University Centre for Policy Research, Tokyo, (JPN).
    Krishnan, Rajkumar Cheney
    United Nations, New York City, (USA).
    Labuda, Patryk I.
    University of Zurich, Zurich, (CHE).
    Langenbach, Sascha
    ETH Zurich, Zurich, (CHE).
    Norberg, Annika Hilding
    Geneva Centre for Security Policy, Geneva, (CHE).
    Novosseloff, Alexandra
    Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas (Paris 2), Paris, (FRA).
    Oriesek, Daniel
    Swiss Armed Forces, (CHE).
    Rhoads, Emily Paddon
    Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, (USA).
    Re, Francesco
    ETH Zurich, Zurich, (CHE).
    Russo, Jenna
    International Peace Institute, New York City, (USA).
    Sauter, Melanie
    University of Oslo, Oslo, (NOR).
    Smidt, Hannah
    University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, (CHE).
    Staeger, Ueli
    University of Geneva, Geneva, (CHE).
    Wenger, Andreas
    ETH Zurich, Zurich, (CHE).
    UN Peacekeeping at 75: Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects2023In: International Peacekeeping, ISSN 1353-3312, E-ISSN 1743-906X, Vol. 30, no 4, p. 415-476Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This year marks the 75th anniversary of what the UN itself understands to be its first peacekeeping operation. It is therefore an appropriate time to reflect on the track record of UN peacekeeping in its efforts to try to maintain and realize peace and security. Moreover, this milestone invites us to ponder what lies ahead in the realm of peacekeeping. For this reason, this forum article brings together both academics and UN officials to assess the achievements and challenges of UN peacekeeping over the past 75 years. Through a dialogue among peacekeeping scholars and practitioners, we hope to identify current trends and developments in UN peacekeeping, as well as explore priorities for the future to improve the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations in terms of achieving their mandate objectives, such as maintaining peace, protecting civilians, promoting human rights, and facilitating reconciliation. This forum article is structured into six thematic sections, each shedding light on various aspects of UN peacekeeping: (1) foundational principles of UN peacekeeping - namely, consent, impartiality, and the (non-)use of force; (2) protection of civilians; (3) the primacy of politics; (4) early warning; (5) cooperation with regional organizations; and (6) the changing geopolitical landscape in which UN peacekeeping operates.

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  • 50.
    Döring, Katharina
    et al.
    Södertörn University, (SWE).
    Engel, UlfLeipzig University, (DEU).Gelot, LinnéaFolke Bernadotte Academy, (SWE).Herpolsheimer, JensLeipzig University, (DEU).
    Recherches sur la vie intérieure de l’Architecture Africaine de Paix et de Sécurité (APSA)2023Collection (editor) (Refereed)
    Abstract [fr]

    Ce volume édité offre des nouvelles perspectives sur la vie intérieure de l'Architecture africaine de paix et de sécurité (APSA) et présente aux spécialistes dand la domaine paix et securité africaine des approches épistémologiques, conceptuelles et méthodologiques innovantes. Basé sur une ouverture intellectuelle et un intérêt pour les perspectives transdisciplinaires, le volume remet en question les courants dominants, nous invitant à réfléchir sur les pratiques de recherche elles-mêmes. S'appuyant sur les perspectives des études globales et des études critiques internationales, les auteurs suivent des approches inductives et laissent les données empiriques enrichir leurs cadres théoriques et leurs outils conceptuels. Dans cette entreprise, ils se concentrent sur les acteurs, les pratiques et les discours impliqués qui donne forme aux institutions regionales. Les analyses ici-présentes examine les hypothèses qui informent habituellement les études sur le régionalisme et la gouvernance en Afrique.

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