This report investigates the threats to maritime security in Eastern Africa, theresponses to deal with these threats and the prospects for building maritimesecurity in the region. The report discusses three aspects of maritime security:economic security, state security, and human security. While the Somali piracy,which dominates the security agenda, is mainly an economic security problem, ithas both state and human security implications. Other illegal activities, such assmuggling of weapons and drugs, illegal fishing, waste dumping and smugglingof humans are also analysed according to these categorises. The report arguesthat paying more attention to all these activities; their underlying incentives andarea of impact, would benefit the international community’s current work tobuild maritime security in Eastern Africa.