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Pansardivisionen i Lorraine, september 1944: En fallstudie av möjligt amerikansk manöverkrigförig före 2003
Swedish National Defence College.
2009 (English)Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [sv]

Operation Iraqi Freedom 2003 ses ofta som det första tydliga exemplet på amerikansk manöverkrigföring. Under Andra Världskriget hade den amerikanska 4. Pansardivisionen hade en chef i Generalmajor John S. Wood som studerat Liddell Hart, de Gaulle, Fuller och von Seeckt under mellankrigstiden. Kan detta ha renderat i att divisionen stred enligt manöverkrigföringsteorier före 2003? För att analysera detta har ett enkelt teoretiskt perspektiv i form av William S. Linds referenspunkter uppdragstaktik, schwerpunkt och ytor och luckor från Maneuver Warfare Handbook applicerats på fallet som utgörs av 4. Pansardivisionens strider i Lorraine i september 1944 eftersom dessa omfattar både anfall och försvar. 4. Pansardivisionen anföll inledningsvis över floden Moselle och inneslöt en tysk division i staden Nancy med en dubbel omfattning för att därefter föra ett framgångsrikt försvar mot upprepade motanfall från tyska Femte Pansararmén. Tyvärr har inte några källor avseende processer och resulterande order vid 4. Pansardivisionen kunnat säkras. Dock har källor som omfattar generella tankesätt och doktriner vid divisionen studerats. Analysen visar att 4. Pansardivisionen nyttjade Linds referenspunkter i olika stor omfattning. Tydligast är att divisionen använde sig av referenspunkten ytor och luckor i striden. 4. Pansardivisionen nyttjade regelmässigt kombinerade vapen i form av direktriktad och indirekt eld samt flygunderstöd i striden vilket fick en tysk chef att hävda att normala principer för pansarkrigföring inte var tillämpbara på västfronten. Divisionen avdelade sällan reserver men lyckades ändå sätta in motanfall vid ett flertal tillfällen för att använda tyskarnas rörelse mot dem själva.

Abstract [en]

In Sweden Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003 is often viewed upon as the first clear example of American maneuver warfare. During the Second World War the commander of the American 4th Armored Division was initially Major General John S. Wood. He had studied Liddell Hart, de Gaulle, Fuller and von Seeckt during the interwar years. Could this have rendered in the 4th Armored Division fighting according to maneuver warfare theories before 2003? To analyze this, a simple theory in the shape of William S. Lind´s reference points: mission-type orders, schwerpunkt and surfaces and gaps from the Maneuver Warfare Handbook have been applied to a case. The case chosen is the fighting that the 4th Armored Division conducted in September of 1944 in the province of Lorraine since this battle includes both offensive and defensive action. Initially the 4th Armored Division penetrated the German defensive line along the Moselle to encircle the city of Nancy and a German division by a double envelopment. Thereafter the division successfully fought of the repeated counterattacks conducted by the German Fifth Panzer Army.

 No sources include the processes with resulting orders that the division’s commanders gave during the battles have been available for this study. To make up for this sources regarding the doctrine of the 4th Armored Division as a whole have been studied.

 

The results indicate that the 4th Armored Division used Lind’s reference points to varying degrees. The division clearly used the reference point called surfaces and gaps. The 4th Armored Division regularly used combined arms in the shape of direct and indirect fire as well as air-support. This was to such a degree that one German commander wrote that the normal principles of armored warfare did not apply to the western front. The division seldom had reserves available for counter-attacks but often managed to assemble enough units to counter-attack and to use the movement of the Germans against themselves.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2009. , p. 30
Keywords [en]
Lorraine, Lind, Wood, maneuver warfare, mission-type orders, schwerpunkt, surfaces and gaps.
Keywords [sv]
Lorraine, Lind, Wood, manöverkrigföring, uppdragstaktik, schwerpunkt, ytor och luckor.
National Category
Social Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-144OAI: oai:DiVA.org:fhs-144DiVA, id: diva2:273635
Presentation
(English)
Uppsok
Social and Behavioural Science, Law
Supervisors
Available from: 2009-10-22 Created: 2009-10-22 Last updated: 2009-10-22Bibliographically approved

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