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This paper explores the evolution and current state of the defence industry over the past decade, with a particular focus on supply chain dynamics and delivery capabilities. Over the past two years, procurement priorities within the Armed Forces have undergone a marked shift, from a primary emphasis on cost efficiency to a heightened concern for supply chain sustainability. Drawing on case studies of four defence industry firms in Sweden, conducted over a research period exceeding two years, the study offers valuable insights into this evolving landscape. A literature framework is developed to contextualize and analyse defence industry supply chains. The research identifies key constraints that limit the industry’s ability to enhance delivery performance and robustness. It provides a detailed assessment of current supply chain structures, underscoring critical challenges and highlighting potential opportunities to strengthen supply security. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by addressing the intersection of NPM reforms, public procurement practices, and the resilience and scalability of defence supply chains. While previous research has examined collaboration, disruption, and logistics in the defence sector, this study offers a novel perspective by analysing the impact of cost-efficiency-driven procurement strategies on supply chains during times of crisis.