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Airpower and territorial control: Unpacking the NATO intervention in Libya
Swedish Defence University, Department of War Studies, Strategy Division. (Civil Wars and Military Interventions)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8556-5972
2024 (English)In: Conflict Management and Peace Science, ISSN 0738-8942, E-ISSN 1549-9219, Vol. 41, no 3, p. 197-338Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

How does how intervener airpower affect civil war parties’ ability to take and hold territory? I argue that airpower can have both short- and long-term effects on an actor's ability to take and hold territory, by reducing its ability to effectively fight its adversary. Using novel, disaggregated data, I conduct a quantitative within-case study of 2011 NATO-led intervention in Libya. I find that the NATO air campaign made the Libyan government less likely to capture territory in the short term, and that airstrikes reduced its ability to capture territory in the long term.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024. Vol. 41, no 3, p. 197-338
National Category
Other Social Sciences
Research subject
War Studies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-12005DOI: 10.1177/07388942231173613OAI: oai:DiVA.org:fhs-12005DiVA, id: diva2:1817970
Available from: 2023-12-08 Created: 2023-12-08 Last updated: 2024-10-01Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Strategy of Intervention: The Dynamics of External Use of Force in Civil War
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Strategy of Intervention: The Dynamics of External Use of Force in Civil War
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The aim of this dissertation is to unpack military intervention processes. I do this by making explicit the various strategic dynamics through which external interference attempts to shape the overall trajectory of a civil war. Over the past decade, almost half of all civil wars have seen active involvement from foreign troops, highlighting the importance of studying military interventions. Existing analyses of military in-tervention emphasize the strategic dynamics of these activities and implicitly or ex-plicitly rely on various strategic concepts to make sense of them. However, most of the battlefield activities where strategy is put into practice are systematically black-boxed, and mainly used to explain the various macro-level correlations between mil-itary intervention and different civil war outcomes. To understand of how military intervention affects the battlefield dynamics of civil war I argue that it is necessary to study intervention strategy as a distinct activity within intervention processes. This dissertation is comprised of four essays that analyses three different cases of military intervention by major actors against governments fighting different rebels. I use both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the cases. In Essays I and II, I analyze how the airstrikes conducted during the NATO-led Operation Unified Protector affected the ability of the Libyan government to take and hold territory during the 2011 Libyan Civil War. Essay III explores the strategic logic behind the Georgian government’s decision to escalate its effort to reintegrate the South Osse-tian separatist republic in August 2008, despite overt Russian threats of interven-tion. Lastly, Essay IV introduces a novel conceptual framework with illustrations from the intervention in the Kosovo War (1998-99). In sum, the essays highlight in different ways the complex battlefield dynamics associated with conducting and re-sponding to intervention. Understanding how an external actor’s use of military force affects the conduct and trajectory of a civil war is thus intimately linked to the-orizing and analyzing intervention strategy as a dynamic activity.

Abstract [sv]

Syftet med denna avhandling är att utforska militära interventionsprocesser. Jag åstadkommer detta genom att tydliggöra de strategiska dynamiker genom vilka ex-terna aktörer försöker forma ett inbördeskrigs övergripande händelseförlopp. Un-der det senaste decenniet har utländska trupper deltagit aktivt i nästan hälften av alla inbördeskrig, vilket understryker vikten av att studera militära interventioner. Befintliga analyser av militär intervention betonar den strategiska dynamiken i dessa aktiviteter och förlitar sig implicit eller explicit på olika strategiska koncept för att förstå dem. Men de flesta slagfältsaktiviteter där strategi omsätts i praktiken är systematiskt osynliggjorda och används främst för att förklara sambandet mellan militär intervention och olika utfall av inbördeskrig på makronivå. Jag hävdar att det är nödvändigt att studera interventionsstrategi som en distinkt aktivitet inom olika interventionsprocesser. Endast då kan vi till fullo förstå hur militär intervention på-verkar slagfältsdynamiken i inbördeskrig. Denna avhandling består av fyra essäer som analyserar tre olika fall av militär intervention av starka aktörer mot regeringar som bekämpar olika rebellorganisationer. Jag använder både kvalitativa och kvanti-tativa metoder för att analysera fallen. I Essä I och II analyserar jag hur flyganfallen genomföra under den Nato-ledda insatsen Operation Unified Protector påverkade den libyska regeringens förmåga att ta och hålla territorium under det libyska in-bördeskriget 2011. Essä III fokuserar på den strategiska logik som motiverade den georgiska regeringen att eskalera sina försök att återintegrera Sydossetien 2008, trots tydliga ryska hot om intervention. Slutligen introducerar Essä IV ett nytt kon-ceptuellt ramverk med illustrationer från interventionen i Kosovokriget (1998-99). Dessa fyra essäer belyser därmed de komplexa slagfältsdynamiker som är kopplade till genomförandet och bemötandet av militära interventioner ur flera olika perspek-tiv. Att förstå hur en extern aktörs militära våldsanvändning påverkar ett inbördes-krigs genomförande och övergripande bana är därmed nära kopplat till att teoreti-sera samt analysera interventionsstrategi som en dynamisk aktivitet.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Försvarshögskolan (FHS), 2024
Series
Swedish Defence University Thesis Series, ISSN 2004-6871 ; 3, 2024
Keywords
Military intervention, strategy, Libya, South Ossetia, Kosovo, Militär intervention, strategi, Libyen, Sydossetien, Kosovo
National Category
Other Social Sciences
Research subject
War Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-13060 (URN)10.62061/tjqj4125 (DOI)978-91-88975-44-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-10-25, Sverigesalen, Drottning Kristinas väg 37, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-10-02 Created: 2024-10-01 Last updated: 2024-10-02Bibliographically approved

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