The use of information warfare (IW) has drastically increased in modern times and is expected to increase further in the future. The concept´s complexity and ambiguity have been pointed out, which has led to different interpretations, definitions and uses. From a state perspective great powers, especially Russia, are often represented. A lack of small state perspectives, including a Swedish perspective, has been noted. IW has been shown to challenge traditional security doctrines and existing legal and normative frameworks are often nascent in this area. IW is a present, ongoing threat against Sweden and other western states. This study investigates the Swedish understanding of IW and its countermeasures with the help of two theoretical frameworks which are based on different scientific perspectives. The results shows that the Swedish understanding of IW and its countermeasures convey a high overall degree of congruence with the used theoretical frameworks. The Swedish understanding can thereby be seen as wide and comprehensive in total. The understandings of the different perspectives are however spread out between different actors and there is a large variation regarding which understandings that are being described by the different actors and to what degree.