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A tentative model on effective army combat tactics
Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Tactical Warfare Division.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9030-9727
Swedish Defence University, Department of Military Studies, Tactical Warfare Division, Land Operations Section.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5206-9745
2020 (English)In: Comparative Strategy, ISSN 0149-5933, E-ISSN 1521-0448, ISSN 0149-5933, Vol. 39, no 5, p. 490-504Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The purpose of this study is to form a model on effective tactics. We selected five theorists, three of which also provided support from quantitative analysis on winning battles. The theorists all advocate the use of maneuver warfare, developed from the German WWII-approach.[1] The analysis indicates the importance of accomplishing a sequence in battle of surprise attacks, followed by shock action, and prompt exploitation in order to accomplish an organizational breakdown of enemy force. Tactical defeat is foremost a result of psychological reactions by the enemy rather than from physical destruction by superior material resources at the point of assault.German WW II approach covering both the tactical and operational level of German ground warfighting until 1945. This is still the theoretical bas in maneuver warfare including features such as mission-type orders (Auftragstaktik), decisive point, centre of gravity (Schwerpunkt) and intent (Absicht). We have pointed out important parts from the German WWII warfare (mechanized) style in a model, although not flawless, in our discussion on victory in battle.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2020. Vol. 39, no 5, p. 490-504
Keywords [en]
winning in combat, maneuver warfare, surprise, shock, exploitation.
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Research subject
Krigsvetenskap
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-9447DOI: 10.1080/01495933.2020.1803713OAI: oai:DiVA.org:fhs-9447DiVA, id: diva2:1471867
Available from: 2020-09-30 Created: 2020-09-30 Last updated: 2023-02-23Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Mastering Tactics: Exploring and measuring victory in battle
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Mastering Tactics: Exploring and measuring victory in battle
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This dissertation investigates effective military tactics in contemporary battle by measuring parameters behind successful and less successful tactical performance. As such, knowledge of tactics gives practitioners, scholars, and scientists in war studies a better understanding of battle results. The purpose of the dissertation is to test existing theories to create a new theory about what influences tactical results in battle and provide an explanation of what leads to tactical victory. Victory can be explained by tactical elements that affect success during battles. Moreover, victorious battles can partly be explained through some of the skills tacticians possess in comparison to those who lose their duels. Furthermore, the dissertation is an approach to critically evaluate tactical competence and identify what is successful tactics and how the theories are consistent with practical experiences. With increased insight into who and how tactics affect the victory or loss of battle, we have the opportunity to improve the development of skills in the field of military and tactics that research, analyse, and practice warfare. The dissertation consists of four independent articles. These articles correlate personal capabilities such as level of expertise, attitude, general intelligence, and individual decision-making styles, to levels of victory. Summarizing all four articles leads to three major conclusions: (1) contemporary manoeuvre warfare contains successful measurable elements when similar opponents engage in combat. (2) Tacticians who follow the steps from the ideal model representing “best practices of performing tactics” increase their chances of winning the duel, especially if the opponent does not follow any or fewer steps at the same time. (3) Personal decision-making styles influence tactical results in battle. These conclusions are relevant when drawing up effective tactics as well as tactician profiles in the future.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling undersöker dagens effektiva militära taktik i strid genom att mäta parametrar bakom framgångsrika och mindre framgångsrika taktiska prestationer. Som sådan ger det kunskap till forskningen om taktikens utövning inom krigsstudier en bättre förståelse för stridens utfall. Syftet med avhandlingen är att pröva befintliga teorier samt att skapa ny teori om vad som påverkar taktiska resultat i strid för att förklara vad som leder till taktisk seger. Seger kan förklaras genom taktiska element som påverkar framgång i striden. Segerrika strider kan delvis förklaras genom några av de färdigheter taktiker besitter i jämförelse med de som förlorar duellen. Vidare har avhandlingen ett förhållningssätt för att kritiskt utvärdera taktisk kompetens och identifiera vad som är framgångsrik taktik samt hur teorierna stämmer överens med praktiska erfarenheter. Med ökad insikt över vem och hur taktik påverkar stridens seger eller förlust har vi möjlighet att förbättra kompetensutvecklingen inom militär taktik för forskare, analytiker och för dem som utövar krigföring. Avhandlingen består av fyra fristående artiklar. Dessa artiklar söker samband mellan personliga förmågor som expertis, attityd, allmän intelligens och individuella beslutsstilar till olika nivåer av seger. När vi sammanfattar alla fyra artiklarna leder det till tre viktiga slutsatser: (1) Dagens manöverkrigföring innehåller framgångsrika mätbara element då en konventionell motståndare engageras i strid. (2) Taktiker som följer stegen från den ideala modellen som representerar "den bästa praxis för att utföra taktik" ökar sina chanser att vinna duellen, speciellt om motståndaren inte följer några eller färre av stegen samtidigt. (3) Personliga beslutsfattningsstilar påverkar taktiska resultat i strid. Dessa slutsatser är relevanta vid utarbetandet av effektiv taktik såväl som för taktikers profil i framtiden.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Försvarshögskolan (FHS), 2023. p. 143
Series
Swedish Defence University Thesis Series, ISSN 2004-6871 ; 1
Keywords
battle, decision-making, land warfare, manoeuvre warfare, military tactics, problem solving, victory in combat, wargames, war studies, strid, beslutsfattande, landkrigföring, manöverkrigföring, militär taktik, problemlösning, seger i strid, krigsspel, krigsstudier
National Category
Political Science
Research subject
War Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-11465 (URN)978-91-88975-21-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-03-29, Sverigesalen, Drottning Kristinas väg 37, Stockholm, 12:30 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-03-01 Created: 2023-02-22 Last updated: 2024-01-08Bibliographically approved

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Thunholm, PeterHenåker, Lars

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