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Chapter 8 continues the exploration of issues raised by human enhancement technologies. Building on the discussion in the previous chapter, this contribution begins by examining the question of whether and under what circumstances we might consider that individuals who enhance their natural abilities might be considered something other than human – and what that might mean for their treatment under the law.  Biochemical enhancement, cybernetic technologies such as brain machine interfaces and advances in prosthetic technologies all have the capacity to alter and augment the human experience and raise interesting challenges for the law. This chapter looks specifically at the application of the laws of armed conflict (international humanitarian law) in relation to these techniques and the effects of human rights law in an age of enhanced humans – whether they be civilian or military personnel. Clear synergies also exist with the discussions in Chapter 13 on brain-machine interfaces. Attention is given in the final section to questions as to the adequacy of the current rights frameworks and as to the distinction between national and international systems.