Logo: to the web site of the Swedish Defence University

fhs.se
Change search
Link to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Britz, Malena
Publications (10 of 35) Show all publications
Andersson, J. J. & Britz, M. (2025). The European Union’s role in European defence industry policy. Defence Studies, 25(2), 322-341
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The European Union’s role in European defence industry policy
2025 (English)In: Defence Studies, ISSN 1470-2436, E-ISSN 1743-9698, Vol. 25, no 2, p. 322-341Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The European Union has often been described as an economic giant but a political dwarf. It has a security and defence policy, but it is not a military alliance. Despite this, the defence industry has been on the EU’s agenda for years. This development reached a new phase in 2021 when the EU budget included almost 8 billion Euro in a European Defence Fund, strengthened when the EU in 2022 acted decisively to supply Ukraine with arms and ammunition, and strengthened yet again in March 2024 when it presented a comprehensive European Defence Industrial Strategy and European Defence Industry Programme. At first glance the developments may seem counterintuitive. What makes a mainly civilian organisation develop into an actor in defence industry policy? Departing from four dilemmas arising from the specific challenges with ownership of the defence industry and efforts to create a European defence market, this article identifies the challenges that different EU initiatives try to solve, analyses economic, political and strategic rationales of the development, analyses the four dilemmas in light of the development, and discusses how it relates to the EU’s raison d’être with regard to European defence.

Keywords
Defence industry, European Union, European defence, European defence fund, European security, Ukraine
National Category
Political Science Economics and Business
Research subject
Political Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-13556 (URN)10.1080/14702436.2025.2472694 (DOI)
Available from: 2025-03-10 Created: 2025-03-10 Last updated: 2025-06-09Bibliographically approved
Britz, M. (2023). European Defence Policy: Between Flexible Integration and a Defence Union. In: Antonina Bakardjieva Engelbrekt; Per Ekman; Anna Michalski; Lars Oxelheim (Ed.), The EU between Federal Union and Flexible Integration: Interdisciplinary European Studies (pp. 215-238). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
Open this publication in new window or tab >>European Defence Policy: Between Flexible Integration and a Defence Union
2023 (English)In: The EU between Federal Union and Flexible Integration: Interdisciplinary European Studies / [ed] Antonina Bakardjieva Engelbrekt; Per Ekman; Anna Michalski; Lars Oxelheim, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2023, p. 215-238Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This chapter analyses if the EU is developing a defence union, and what that would imply for the EU. In order to analyse the development of EU defence policy since 2016, this chapter first discusses what measures would need to be in place in order for the EU to have a defence union, given previous literature on defence union. Then it analyses the development from 2016 to 2022. The conclusion is that the EU so far has not developed a defence union, even though the traits of union in EU security and defence policy have increased. In particular, three aspects found are of importance. The first is the European Defence Fund, the second the common capability development, that in combination with islands of specialization increase future possibilities of specialization and burden sharing; and the third some of the PESCO-projects which indicate defence of the member states within their own territory.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2023
Keywords
European defence, European security, Defence union, EDF, PESCO, Capabilities
National Category
Political Science
Research subject
Political Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-11771 (URN)10.1007/978-3-031-22397-6_9 (DOI)978-3-031-22396-9 (ISBN)
Available from: 2023-08-31 Created: 2023-08-31 Last updated: 2023-08-31Bibliographically approved
Britz, M. (2023). Förutsättningar för en ny europeisk säkerhetsordning: En EUropeisk säkerhetsordning?. Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift, 125(3)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Förutsättningar för en ny europeisk säkerhetsordning: En EUropeisk säkerhetsordning?
2023 (Swedish)In: Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift, ISSN 0039-0747, Vol. 125, no 3Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Departing from Russia’s full-scale invasion in Ukraine in 2022, this article analyses the OSCE-based security order that prevailed since the Cold War and that later was formalised in the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe. The first conclusion is that the OSCE-based European security order was successively weakened, and at the longest can be said to have functioned until 2014. The second conclusion is that this security order will not reappear even if the OSCE survives the consequences of the war. The article then analyses the partially parallel development of the EU as a security actor in Europe, and the potential of the EU to become a node in a new European security order. The third and fourth conclusions are that the EU has the potential of being a node in a new European security order, but that it will also need to become a node in a larger global order.

National Category
Political Science
Research subject
Political Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-11773 (URN)
Available from: 2023-08-31 Created: 2023-08-31 Last updated: 2023-08-31Bibliographically approved
Britz, M. (2022). Europeisk försvarspolitik mellan flexibel inegration och försvarsunion. In: Antonina Bakardjieve Engelbrekt, Anna Michalski, Lars Oxelheim (Ed.), EU mellan federalism och flexibel integration: Europaperspektiv 2022 (pp. 231-258). Stockholm: Santérus Förlag
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Europeisk försvarspolitik mellan flexibel inegration och försvarsunion
2022 (Swedish)In: EU mellan federalism och flexibel integration: Europaperspektiv 2022 / [ed] Antonina Bakardjieve Engelbrekt, Anna Michalski, Lars Oxelheim, Stockholm: Santérus Förlag, 2022, p. 231-258-Chapter in book (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Santérus Förlag, 2022
Series
Europaperspektiv, ISSN 1403-3879 ; 25
Keywords
EU, försvarspolitik, flexibel integration, federalism, integration
National Category
Political Science
Research subject
Political Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-10831 (URN)978-91-7359-179-9 (ISBN)
Available from: 2022-05-25 Created: 2022-05-25 Last updated: 2022-07-13Bibliographically approved
Hjorth, R. & Britz, M. (2021). Amerikansk strategisk återhållsamhet och europeisk strategisk respons – tre typer av strategisk respons mot bakgrund av Brexit. Internasjonal Politikk, 79(2), 114-131
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Amerikansk strategisk återhållsamhet och europeisk strategisk respons – tre typer av strategisk respons mot bakgrund av Brexit
2021 (Swedish)In: Internasjonal Politikk, ISSN 0020-577X, E-ISSN 1891-1757, Vol. 79, no 2, p. 114-131Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [sv]

Den här artikeln identifierar och analyserar tre olika reaktioner, i artikeln benämnda »strategisk respons», på amerikansk strategisk återhållsamhet sedan 2017 och mot bakgrund av Brexit: »Liberal övervintring», »Ett starkare Europa» och »En bredare koalition». Analysen kopplar strategisk respons, strategiskt aktörskap och strategisk autonomi och leder till två slutsatser: För det första att Brexit snararare har gynnat än hindrat det europeiska säkerhets- och försvarssamarbetet, såväl inom ramen för EU som mellan EU och stater som står utanför EU, däribland Storbritannien. För det andra att den framväxande säkerhetsordningen innebär nya och annorlunda förutsättningar för det säkerhets- och försvarspolitiska samarbetet i Europa, inte minst i Norden. 

Abstract [en]

This paper describes and analyses three types of European strategic response since the year 2017 by European governments and the EU in response to US strategic restraint and conditioned by Brexit. The three types of response we label “liberal wintering”, “a stronger Europe” and “a broader coalition”. The paper links strategic response to strategic agency and strategic autonomy leading on to two main conclusions: First, that Brexit has done more to promote than to restrain the development of European common security and defence, both within the EU and when involving nations outside of the EU, such as the UK. Second, that the new broader European security and defence structures open the door to new forms of cooperation, for example between the Nordic countries.

Keywords
brexit, European security, international relations, Nordic security, transatlantic security, brexit, europeisk säkerhet, internationell politik, nordisk säkerhet, transatlantisk säkerhet
National Category
Political Science
Research subject
Statsvetenskap med inriktning mot strategi och säkerhetspolitik
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-9931 (URN)10.23865/intpol.v79.2246 (DOI)000681469600001 ()
Available from: 2021-05-19 Created: 2021-05-19 Last updated: 2021-09-22Bibliographically approved
Britz, M. (2020). Svensk-finskt försvarspolitiskt samarbete. In: Olof Ehrenkrona (Ed.), Partiernas vägskäl: Ett nytt politiskt landskap i Sverige och Finland (pp. 113-123). Stockholm: Appell Förlag
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Svensk-finskt försvarspolitiskt samarbete
2020 (Swedish)In: Partiernas vägskäl: Ett nytt politiskt landskap i Sverige och Finland / [ed] Olof Ehrenkrona, Stockholm: Appell Förlag , 2020, p. 113-123Chapter in book (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Appell Förlag, 2020
National Category
Political Science
Research subject
Statsvetenskap med inriktning mot strategi och säkerhetspolitik
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-10413 (URN)978-91-985485-4-9 (ISBN)
Available from: 2021-10-29 Created: 2021-10-29 Last updated: 2022-02-11Bibliographically approved
Bremberg, N. & Britz, M. (2018). From Region-Building to Crisis Management: EU Security Strategies towards the Southern Mediterranean. In: Spyros Economides and James Sperling (Ed.), EU Security Strategies: Extending the EU System of Security Governance (pp. 82-101). London and New York: Routledge
Open this publication in new window or tab >>From Region-Building to Crisis Management: EU Security Strategies towards the Southern Mediterranean
2018 (English)In: EU Security Strategies: Extending the EU System of Security Governance / [ed] Spyros Economides and James Sperling, London and New York: Routledge, 2018, p. 82-101Chapter in book (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
London and New York: Routledge, 2018
Keywords
EU policy, foreign policy, security studies, IR
National Category
Political Science
Research subject
Statsvetenskap med inriktning mot strategi och säkerhetspolitik
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7263 (URN)9781138210417 (ISBN)
Available from: 2018-02-06 Created: 2018-02-06 Last updated: 2018-02-06Bibliographically approved
Britz, M. (2016). Conclusions: The Willing, the Cautious, and the Ambivalent (1ed.). In: Malena Britz (Ed.), European Participation in International Operations: The Role of Strategic Culture (pp. 177-202). Palgrave Macmillan
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Conclusions: The Willing, the Cautious, and the Ambivalent
2016 (English)In: European Participation in International Operations: The Role of Strategic Culture / [ed] Malena Britz, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, 1, p. 177-202Chapter in book (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Palgrave Macmillan, 2016 Edition: 1
Series
New Security Challenges
National Category
Political Science (excluding Public Administration Studies and Globalisation Studies)
Research subject
Statsvetenskap med inriktning mot strategi och säkerhetspolitik
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6363 (URN)10.1007/978-3-319-39759-7_8 (DOI)9783319397580 (ISBN)
Available from: 2016-12-13 Created: 2016-12-13 Last updated: 2018-01-13Bibliographically approved
Britz, M. (2016). Continuity or change?: British Strategic Culture and International Military Operations (1ed.). In: Malena Britz (Ed.), European Participation in International Operations: The Role of Strategic Culture (pp. 151-175). Palgrave Macmillan
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Continuity or change?: British Strategic Culture and International Military Operations
2016 (English)In: European Participation in International Operations: The Role of Strategic Culture / [ed] Malena Britz, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, 1, p. 151-175Chapter in book (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Palgrave Macmillan, 2016 Edition: 1
Series
New Security Challenges
National Category
Political Science (excluding Public Administration Studies and Globalisation Studies)
Research subject
Statsvetenskap med inriktning mot strategi och säkerhetspolitik
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6364 (URN)10.1007/978-3-319-39759-7_7 (DOI)9783319397580 (ISBN)
Available from: 2016-12-13 Created: 2016-12-13 Last updated: 2018-01-13Bibliographically approved
Britz, M., Pankovski, M. & Öhman, L. (2016). Developments in security policy: European and US considerations regarding the war in Iraq.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Developments in security policy: European and US considerations regarding the war in Iraq
2016 (English)Report (Other academic)
Publisher
p. 49
National Category
Political Science
Research subject
Statsvetenskap med inriktning mot strategi och säkerhetspolitik
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6775 (URN)
Available from: 2017-07-04 Created: 2017-07-04 Last updated: 2017-10-25Bibliographically approved
Organisations

Search in DiVA

Show all publications